t
peak yet discovered is the Liklang, between Rawywa and Lungno, some 70
m. S. of Haka (nearly 10,000 ft.).

It is supposed that the Kukis of Manipur, the Lushais of Bengal and
Assam, and the Chins originally lived in Tibet and are of the same
stock; their form of government, method of cultivation, manners and
customs, beliefs and traditions all point to one origin. The slow
speech, the serious manner, the respect for birth and the knowledge of
pedigrees, the duty of revenge, the taste for and the treacherous
method of warfare, the curse of drink, the virtue of hospitality, the
clannish feeling, the vice of avarice, the filthy state of the body,
mutual distrust, impatience under control, the want of power of
combination and of continued effort, arrogance in victory, speedy
discouragement and panic in defeat, are common traits. The Chins,
Lushais and Kukis were noted for the secrecy of their plans, the
suddenness of their raids, and their extraordinary speed in retreating
to their fastnesses. After committing a raid they have been known to
march two days and two nights consecutively without cooking a meal or
sleeping, so as to escape from any parties which might follow them.
The British, since the occupation of Upper Burma, have been able to
penetrate the Chin-Lushai country from both sides at once. The
pacification of the Chin Hills is a triumph for British
administration. Roads, on which Chin coolies now readily work, have
been constructed in all directions. The rivers have been bridged; the
people have taken up the cultivation of English vegetables, and the
indigenous districts have been largely developed. The Chin Hills had a
population (1901 census) of 87,189, while the Chins in Burma totalled
179,292. The Pakokku Chin Hills, which form a separate tract, have an
area of 2260 sq. m.; pop. (1901) 13,116. (J. G. SC.)

CHINKIANG, or CHEN-KIANG-FU, a treaty port of China, in the province of
Kiang-su, on the Yangtsze-kiang above Shanghai, from which it is distant
160 m. It is in railway communication both with Shanghai and Nanking (40
m. distant), and being at the point where the Grand Canal running N. and
S. intersects the Yangtsze, which runs E. and W., is peculiarly well
situated to be a commercial entrepot. The total value of exports and
imports for 1904 was L4,632,992; estimated pop. 168,000. In the war of
1842 it yielded to the British only after a desper