bly during the rains, but in March and April it is here and
there so shallow as to make navigation difficult even for small steam
launches. Whirlpools and narrows and shifting sandbanks also give some
trouble, but much has been done to improve navigation since the
British annexation. Kindat, the headquarters of the Upper Chindwin
district, and Monywa of the Lower, are on the banks of the river.
(J. G. SC.)

CHINDWIN, UPPER and LOWER, two districts in the Sagaing division of
Upper Burma. Upper Chindwin has an area of 19,062 sq. m., and a
population, according to the census of 1901, of 154,551. Lower Chindwin
has an area of 3480 sq. m., and a population of 276,383. Upper Chindwin
lies to the north of the lower district, and is bounded on the N. by the
Chin, N[=a]ga and Kachin hills; on the E. they are bounded by the
Myitkyina, Katha and Shwebo districts; Lower Chindwin is bounded on the
S. by the Pakokku and Sagaing districts; and both districts are bounded
on the W. by the Chin hills, and by Pakokku on the southern stretch. The
western portion of both districts is hilly, and the greater part of
Upper Chindwin is of the same character. Both have valuable teak
forests. The total rainfall averages in Lower Chindwin 27 and in Upper
Chindwin 60 in. Coal exists in extensive fields, but these are not very
accessible. Rice forms the great crop, but a certain amount of til-seed
and of indigo is also cultivated. Kindat, a mere village, is the
headquarters of the upper district, and Monywa, with a population of
7869, of the lower. Both are on the Chindwin river, and are served by
the steamers of the Irrawaddy Flotilla Company. Alon, close to Monywa,
and formerly the headquarters, is the terminus of the railway from
Sagaing westwards, which was opened in 1900.

CHINESE PAVILLON, TURKISH CRESCENT, TURKISH JINGLE, or JINGLING JOHNNY
(Fr. _chapeau chinois_; Ger. _tuerkischer Halbmond, Schellenbaum_; Ital.
_cappello chinese_), an instrument of percussion of indefinite
sonorousness, i.e. not producing definite musical tones. The _chapeau
chinois_ was formerly an adjunct in military bands, but never in the
orchestra, where an instrument of somewhat similar shape, often confused
with it and known as the _Glockenspiel_ (q.v.), is occasionally called
into requisition. The Chinese pavilion consists of a pole about 6 ft.
high terminating in a conical metal cap or pavilion, hung with small
jingling bells and surmount