e 27th
of April 1910, was that the changes resulting from the creation of
the Board of Control had, so far, been purely departmental changes
of form, and that the position of the inspector-general remained
unaltered.

[65] See _The Times_ of the 21st of April and 11th of May 1910.

[66] A chest contained from 135 lb to 160 lb.

[67] A picul = 133-1/2 lb.

[68] _Changing China_, p. 118.

[69] See _The Times_ of 7th and 8th of March and 8th of April 1910.

[70] The first recorded importation of morphia into China was in
1892, and it is suggested that it was first used as an anti-opium
medicine. Morphia-taking, however, speedily became a vice, and in
1902 over 195,000 oz. of morphia were imported (enough for some
300,000,000 injections). To check the evil the Chinese government
during 1903 imposed a tax of about 200% _ad valorem_, with the
result that the imports declared to the customs fell in 1905 to 54
oz. only. The falling off was explained "not by a diminished demand,
but by smuggling" (Morse's _Trade and Administration of the Chinese
Empire_, p. 351).

[71] A regulation by the ministry of education, dated the 14th of
January 1910, ordered that no girl should be admitted to school
dressed in foreign clothes or with unnatural (i.e. bound) feet.

[72] For the growth of the education movement see _The Times_, 4th
of September 1909.

[73] The Dalai Lama left Peking in December 1908 on his return to
Lhassa, which he reached in November 1909. Differences had arisen
between him and the Chinese government, which sought to make the
spiritual as well as the temporal power of the Dalai Lama dependent
on his recognition by the emperor of China. Early in 1910 the Dalai
Lama, in consequence of the action of the Chinese amban in Lhassa,
fled from that city and sought refuge in India.

[74] Chang Chih-tung died in October 1909. He was a man of considerable
ability, and one whose honesty and loyalty had never been doubted. He
was noted as an opponent of opium smoking, and for over thirty years
had addressed memorials to the throne against the use of the drug.

[75] See _The Times_ of the 7th of September 1909.

[76] Proposals made early in 1910 by the American secretary of state
for the neutralization of the Manchurian railway received no
support.

[77] By a convention signed on July 4th