', belong to different
African dialects; the last, however, having reached Europe through the
channel of the Portuguese{16}.

{Sidenote: _Italian Words_}

{Sidenote: _Spanish, Dutch and Celtic Words_}

To come nearer home--we have a certain number of Italian words, as
'balcony', 'baldachin', 'balustrade', 'bandit', 'bravo', 'bust' (it was
'busto' as first used in English, and therefore from the Italian, not
from the French), 'cameo', 'canto', 'caricature', 'carnival', 'cartoon',
'charlatan', 'concert', 'conversazione', 'cupola', 'ditto', 'doge',
'domino'{17}, 'felucca', 'fresco', 'gazette', 'generalissimo',
'gondola', 'gonfalon', 'grotto', ('grotta' is the earliest form in which
we have it in English), 'gusto', 'harlequin'{18}, 'imbroglio',
'inamorato', 'influenza', 'lava', 'malaria', 'manifesto', 'masquerade'
('mascarata' in Hacket), 'motto', 'nuncio', 'opera', 'oratorio',
'pantaloon', 'parapet', 'pedantry', 'pianoforte', 'piazza', 'portico',
'proviso', 'regatta', 'ruffian', 'scaramouch', 'sequin', 'seraglio',
'sirocco', 'sonnet', 'stanza', 'stiletto', 'stucco', 'studio',
'terra-cotta', 'umbrella', 'virtuoso', 'vista', 'volcano', 'zany'.
'Becco', and 'cornuto', 'fantastico', 'magnifico', 'impress' (the
armorial device upon shields, and appearing constantly in its Italian
form 'impresa'), 'saltimbanco' (=mountebank), all once common enough,
are now obsolete. Sylvester uses often 'farfalla' for butterfly, but, as
far as I know, this use is peculiar to him. If these are at all the
whole number of our Italian words, and I cannot call to mind any other,
the Spanish in the language are nearly as numerous; nor indeed would it
be wonderful if they were more so; our points of contact with Spain,
friendly and hostile, have been much more real than with Italy. Thus we
have from the Spanish 'albino', 'alligator' (el lagarto), 'alcove'{19},
'armada', 'armadillo', 'barricade', 'bastinado', 'bravado', 'caiman',
'cambist', 'camisado', 'carbonado', 'cargo', 'cigar', 'cochineal',
'Creole', 'desperado', 'don', 'duenna', 'eldorado', 'embargo',
'flotilla', 'gala', 'grandee', 'grenade', 'guerilla', 'hooker'{20},
'infanta', 'jennet', 'junto', 'merino', 'mosquito', 'mulatto', 'negro',
'olio', 'ombre', 'palaver', 'parade', 'parasol', 'parroquet',
'peccadillo', 'picaroon', 'platina', 'poncho', 'punctilio', (for a long
time spelt 'puntillo', in English books), 'quinine', 'reformado',
'savannah', 'serenade', 'sherry', 'stampede', 'stoccado', '