n the French, and had its Latin physiognomy to a great degree
obliterated, while 'inimical' is Latin throughout; 'parish' is
'paroisse', but 'parochial' is 'parochialis'; 'chapter' is 'chapitre',
but 'capitular' is 'capitularis'.

{Sidenote: _Doublets_}

Sometimes you will find in English what I may call the double adoption
of a Latin word; which now makes part of our vocabulary in two shapes;
'doppelgaengers' the Germans would call such words{21}. There is first
the elder word, which the French has given us; but which, before it
gave, it had fashioned and moulded, cutting it short, it may be, by a
syllable or more, for the French devours letters and syllables; and
there is the later word which we borrowed immediately from the Latin. I
will mention a few examples; 'secure' and 'sure', both from 'securus',
but one directly, the other through the French; 'fidelity' and 'fealty',
both from 'fidelitas', but one directly, the other at second-hand;
'species' and 'spice', both from 'species', spices being properly only
_kinds_ of aromatic drugs; 'blaspheme' and 'blame', both from
'blasphemare'{22}, but 'blame' immediately from 'blamer'. Add to these
'granary' and 'garner'; 'captain' (capitaneus) and 'chieftain';
'tradition' and 'treason'; 'abyss' and 'abysm'; 'regal' and 'royal';
'legal' and 'loyal'; 'cadence' and 'chance'; 'balsam' and 'balm';
'hospital' and 'hotel'; 'digit' and 'doit'{23}; 'pagan' and 'paynim';
'captive' and 'caitiff'; 'persecute' and 'pursue'; 'superficies' and
'surface'; 'faction' and 'fashion'; 'particle' and 'parcel';
'redemption' and 'ransom'; 'probe' and 'prove'; 'abbreviate' and
'abridge'; 'dormitory' and 'dortoir' or 'dorter' (this last now
obsolete, but not uncommon in Jeremy Taylor); 'desiderate' and 'desire';
'fact' and 'feat'; 'major' and 'mayor'; 'radius' and 'ray'; 'pauper'
and 'poor'; 'potion' and 'poison'; 'ration' and 'reason'; 'oration' and
'orison'{24}. I have, in the instancing of these named always the Latin
form before the French; but the reverse I suppose in every instance is
the order in which the words were adopted by us; we had 'pursue' before
'persecute', 'spice' before 'species', 'royalty' before 'regality', and
so with the others{25}.

The explanation of this greater change which the earlier form of the
word has undergone, is not far to seek. Words which have been introduced
into a language at an early period, when as yet writing is rare, and
books are few or none, when theref