FREE BOOKS

Author's List




PREV.   NEXT  
|<   291   292   293   294   295   296   297   298   299   300   301   302   303   304   305   306   307   308   309   310   311   312   313   314   315  
316   317   318   319   320   321   322   323   324   325   326   327   328   329   330   331   332   333   334   335   336   337   338   339   340   >>   >|  
m disease." _I answer that,_ We speak of that as being natural, which is in accord with nature, as stated in _Phys._ ii, 1. Now, in man, nature can be taken in two ways. First, inasmuch as intellect and reason is the principal part of man's nature, since in respect thereof he has his own specific nature. And in this sense, those pleasures may be called natural to man, which are derived from things pertaining to man in respect of his reason: for instance, it is natural to man to take pleasure in contemplating the truth and in doing works of virtue. Secondly, nature in man may be taken as contrasted with reason, and as denoting that which is common to man and other animals, especially that part of man which does not obey reason. And in this sense, that which pertains to the preservation of the body, either as regards the individual, as food, drink, sleep, and the like, or as regards the species, as sexual intercourse, are said to afford man natural pleasure. Under each kind of pleasures, we find some that are _not natural_ speaking absolutely, and yet _connatural_ in some respect. For it happens in an individual that some one of the natural principles of the species is corrupted, so that something which is contrary to the specific nature, becomes accidentally natural to this individual: thus it is natural to this hot water to give heat. Consequently it happens that something which is not natural to man, either in regard to reason, or in regard to the preservation of the body, becomes connatural to this individual man, on account of there being some corruption of nature in him. And this corruption may be either on the part of the body--from some ailment; thus to a man suffering from fever, sweet things seem bitter, and vice versa--or from an evil temperament; thus some take pleasure in eating earth and coals and the like; or on the part of the soul; thus from custom some take pleasure in cannibalism or in the unnatural intercourse of man and beast, or other such things, which are not in accord with human nature. This suffices for the answers to the objections. ________________________ EIGHTH ARTICLE [I-II, Q. 31, Art. 8] Whether One Pleasure Can Be Contrary to Another? Objection 1: It would seem that one pleasure cannot be contrary to another. Because the passions of the soul derive their species and contrariety from their objects. Now the object of pleasure is the good. Since therefore good is not contrary to
PREV.   NEXT  
|<   291   292   293   294   295   296   297   298   299   300   301   302   303   304   305   306   307   308   309   310   311   312   313   314   315  
316   317   318   319   320   321   322   323   324   325   326   327   328   329   330   331   332   333   334   335   336   337   338   339   340   >>   >|  



Top keywords:

natural

 

nature

 

pleasure

 

reason

 

individual

 
things
 

respect

 

contrary

 

species

 
intercourse

connatural

 

accord

 
preservation
 

corruption

 

regard

 

pleasures

 

specific

 

custom

 

cannibalism

 
suffices

answers

 

unnatural

 

eating

 

ailment

 

thereof

 

account

 

suffering

 
bitter
 

temperament

 

EIGHTH


Because

 

passions

 

derive

 

intellect

 
object
 

contrariety

 

objects

 

Objection

 
Another
 
ARTICLE

Whether

 

Contrary

 

Pleasure

 

objections

 

pertains

 

called

 

animals

 
derived
 

contemplating

 

stated