259 U.S. 326, 334 (1922)"; 38 Op. Atty. Gen. 457-459 (1936).

[384] 1 Annals of Congress, cols. 515-516.

[385] Ibid. cols. 635-636.

[386] 1 Cr. 137 (1803).

[387] Ibid. 165-166.

[388] Op. Atty. Gen. 624 (1823).

[389] Messages and Papers of the Presidents, III, 1288.

[390] Ibid. 1304.

[391] 12 Pet. 524 (1838).

[392] Ibid. 610.

[393] 272 U.S. 52 (1926); 295 U.S. 602 (1935).

[394] Bruce Wyman, The Principles of the Administrative Law Governing
the Relations of Public Officers (St. Paul, 1903), 231-232.

[395] United States _v._ Eliason, 16 Pet. 291, 301-302 (1842); Kurtz
_v._ Moffitt, 115 U.S. 487, 503 (1885); Smith _v._ Whitney, 116 U.S.
167, 180-181 (1886).

[396] 135 U.S. 1 (1890).

[397] Ibid. 64. The phrase "a law of the United States" came from the
act of March 2, 1833 (4 Stat. 632). However, in 28 U.S.C. 2241 (c) (2),
as it stands following the amendment of May 24, 1949, c. 139, the phrase
is replaced by the term an act of Congress, thereby eliminating the
basis of the holding in In re Neagle.

[398] 236 U.S. 459 (1915); Mason _v._ United States, 260 U.S. 545
(1923).

[399] Rev. Stat. Sec. 5298; 50 U.S.C. Sec. 202.

[400] 1 Stat. 264 (1792); 1 Stat. 424 (1795); 2 Stat. 443 (1807); 12
Stat. 281 (1861).

[401] 12 Wheat. 19 (1827).

[402] Ibid. 31-32.

[403] "Federal Aid in Domestic Disturbances," S. Doc. 209, 59th Cong., 2
sess., p. 51 (1907).

[404] Op. Atty. Gen. 466 (1854). By the Posse Comitatus Act of 1878 (20
Stat. 152) it was provided that "* * * it shall not be lawful to employ
any part of the Army of the United States, as a _posse comitatus_, or
otherwise, for the purpose of executing the laws, except in such cases
and under such circumstances as such employment of said force may be
expressly authorized by the Constitution or by act of Congress * * *"
The effect of this prohibition, however, was largely nullified by a
ruling of the Attorney General "that by Revised Statutes Sec. 5298 and
5300, the military forces, under the direction of the President, could
be used to assist a marshal. 16 Op. Atty. Gen. 162." Bennett Milton
Rich, The Presidents and Civil Disorder (The Brookings Institution,
1941), 196 fn. 21.

[405] 12 Stat (App.) 1258.

[406] 212 U.S. 78 (1909).

[407] In re Debs, 158 U.S. 565 (1895).

[408] 212 U.S. at 84-85. _See also_ Sterling _v._ Constantin, 287 U.S.
378 (1932), which endorses Moyer _v._ Peabody, while emphasizing the
fact that it applies on