523
Congress limits the inquisition power 523
Injunctions under the Emergency Price Control Act of 1942 525
Rule-making power and powers over process 525
Limits to the power 526
Appointment of referees, masters, and special aids 527
Power to admit and disbar attorneys 527
Organization of courts; compensation of judges 528
"One supreme court" 528
Inferior courts made and abolished 528
Abolition of the commerce court 529
Compensation 530
Diminution of salaries 530
Courts of specialized jurisdiction 531
Emergency Court of Appeals of 1942 531
Judicial review restrained 532
Legislative courts; Canter case 533
Other legislative courts 534
Powers of Congress over legislative courts 534
Status of the Court of Claims 535
A judicial paradox 536
Status of the courts of the District of Columbia.' 536
Section 2. Jurisdiction 538
Clause 1. Scope of jurisdiction 538
"Cases and controversies" 538
Two classes of "cases and controversies" 538
Adverse litigants 539
Stockholders' suits 541
Substantial interest doctrine 542
Substantial interest in suits by States 543
Abstract, contingent, and hypothetical questions 544
Political questions 546
Origin of the concept 546
Exemplifications of the doctrine 547
Recent cases 548
Advisory opinions 549
Declaratory judgment