ambridge, England, 1885); Sir E.L.
Bulwer in 99 _Quarterly Rev._ 235-286, and Sir H. Bulwer in 104
_Edinburgh Rev._ 280-298.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] The claims to a part of the first two were very old in origin,
but all were heavily clouded by interruptions of possession,
contested interpretations of Spanish-British treaties, and active
controversy with the Central American States. The claim to some of
the territory was new and still more contestable. See particularly on
these claims Travis'e book cited below.

[2] The islands were ceded to Honduras. The Mosquito Coast was
recognized as under Nicaraguan rule limited by an attenuated British
protectorate over the Indians, who were given a reservation and
certain peculiar rights. They were left free to accept full
Nicaraguan rule at will. This they did in 1894.

[3] It was argued, e.g., that the "general principle" of that
engagement was contingent on the prior realization of its "particular
object," which had failed, and the treaty had determined as a special
contract; moreover, none of the additional treaties to embody the
"general principle" had been negotiated, and Great Britain had not
even offered co-operation in the protection and neutrality-guarantee
of the Panama railway built in 1850-1855, so that her rights had
lapsed; certain engagements of the treaty she had violated, and
therefore the whole treaty was voidable, &c.

CLAY-WITH-FLINTS, in geology, the name given by W. Whitaker in 1861 to a
peculiar deposit of stiff red, brown or yellow clay containing unworn
whole flints as well as angular shattered fragments, also with a
variable admixture of rounded flint, quartz, quartzite and other
pebbles. It occurs "in sheets or patches of various sizes over a large
area in the south of England, from Hertfordshire on the north to Sussex
on the south, and from Kent on the east to Devon on the west. It almost
always lies on the surface of the Upper Chalk, but in Dorset it passes
on to the Middle and Lower Chalk, and in Devon it is found on the
Chert-Beds of the Selbornian group" (A.J. Jukes-Browne, "The
Clay-with-Flints, its Origin and Distribution," _Q.J.G.S._, vol. lxii.,
1906, p. 132). Many geologists have supposed, and some still hold, that
the Clay-with-Flints is the residue left by the slow solution and
disintegration of the Chalk by the processes of weathering; on the other
hand, it