ch 1902. On the 6th of April 1902 he was elected senator
for the Var, although he had previously continually demanded the
suppression of the Senate. He sat with the Socialist Radicals, and
vigorously supported the Combes ministry. In June 1903 he undertook the
direction of the journal _L'Aurore_, which he had founded. In it he led
the campaign for the revision of the Dreyfus affair, and for the
separation of Church and State.

In March 1906 the fall of the Rouvier ministry, owing to the riots
provoked by the inventories of church property, at last brought
Clemenceau to power as minister of the interior in the Sarrien cabinet.
The strike of miners in the Pas de Calais after the disaster at
Courrieres, leading to the threat of disorder on the 1st of May 1906,
obliged him to employ the military; and his attitude in the matter
alienated the Socialist party, from which he definitely broke in his
notable reply in the Chamber to Jean Jaures in June 1906. This speech
marked him out as the strong man of the day in French politics; and when
the Sarrien ministry resigned in October, he became premier. During 1907
and 1908 his premiership was notable for the way in which the new
_entente_ with England was cemented, and for the successful part which
France played in European politics, in spite of difficulties with
Germany and attacks by the Socialist party in connexion with Morocco
(see FRANCE: _History_). But on July 20th, 1909, he was defeated in a
discussion in the Chamber on the state of the navy, in which bitter
words were exchanged between him and Delcasse; and he at once resigned,
being succeeded as premier by M. Briand, with a reconstructed cabinet.

CLEMENCIN, DIEGO (1765-1834), Spanish scholar and politician, was born
on the 27th of September 1765, at Murcia, and was educated there at the
Colegio de San Fulgencio. Abandoning his intention of taking orders, he
found employment at Madrid in 1788 as tutor to the sons of the
countess-duchess de Benavente, and devoted himself to the study of
archaeology. In 1807 he became editor of the _Gaceta de Madrid_, and in
the following year was condemned to death by Murat for publishing a
patriotic article; he fled to Cadiz, and under the Junta Central held
various posts from which he was dismissed by the reactionary government
of 1814. During the liberal regime of 1820-1823 Clemencin took office as
colonial minister, was exiled till 1827, and in 1833 published the first
volume of