of Sicily; but subsequently he came into
conflict with Charles, especially after the death of Manfred in February
1266. To the cruelty and avarice of Charles he opposed a generous
humanity. When Conradin, the last of the Hohenstaufen, appeared in Italy
the pope excommunicated him and his supporters, but it is improbable
that he was in the remotest degree responsible for his execution. At
Viterbo, where he spent most of his pontificate, Clement died on the
29th of November 1268, leaving a name unsullied by nepotism. As the
benefactor and protector of Roger Bacon he has a special title to the
gratitude of posterity.

See A. Potthast, _Regesta Pontificum Romanorum_, vol. ii. (Berlin,
l875). 1542 ff.; E. Jordan, _Les Registres de Clement IV_ (Paris, 1893
ff.); Herzog-Hauck, _Realencyklopaedie_ (3rd ed., vol. iv., Leipzig,
1898), 144 f.; J. Heidemann, _Papst Clemens IV., I. Teil: Das Vorleben
des Papstes und sein Legationsregister = Kirchengeschichtliche
Studien, herausgegeben von Knoepfler_, &c., 6. Band, 4. Heft (Muenster,
1903), reprints _Processus legationis in Angliam_. (W. W. R.*)

CLEMENT V. (Bertrand de Gouth), pope from 1305 to 1314, was born of a
noble Gascon family about 1264. After studying the arts at Toulouse and
law at Orleans and Bologna, he became a canon at Bordeaux and then
vicar-general to his brother the archbishop of Lyons, who in 1294 was
created cardinal bishop of Albano. Bertrand was made a chaplain to
Boniface VIII., who in 1295 nominated him bishop of Cominges (Haute
Garonne), and in 1299 translated him to the archbishopric of Bordeaux.
Because he attended the synod at Rome in 1302 in the controversy between
France and the Pope, he was considered a supporter of Boniface VIII.,
yet was by no means unfavourably regarded at the French court. At
Perugia on the 5th of June 1305 he was chosen to succeed Benedict XI;
the cardinals by a vote of ten to five electing one neither an Italian
nor a cardinal, in order to end a conclave which had lasted eleven
months. The chronicler Villani relates that Bertrand owed his election
to a secret agreement with Philip IV., made at St Jean d'Angely in
Saintonge; this may be dismissed as gossip, but it is probable that the
future pope had to accept certain conditions laid down by the cardinals.
At Bordeaux Bertrand was formally notified of his election and urged to
come to Italy; but he caused his coronation to take place at Lyons on
the 14th of Nove