ted new
citizens by enrolling in the tribes "many resident aliens and
emancipated slaves."[4] But the Aristotelian _Constitution of Athens_
asserts that he gave "citizenship to the masses." These two statements
are not compatible. It is perfectly clear that Cleisthenes is to be
regarded as a democrat, and it would have been no bribe to the people
merely to confer a boon on aliens and slaves. Moreover, a revision of
the citizen-roll (_diapsephismus_) had recently taken place (after the
end of the tyranny) and a great many citizens had been struck off the
roll as being of impure descent ([Greek: _oi to genei me katharoi_]).
This class had existed from the time of Solon, and, through fear of
political extinction by the oligarchs, had been favourable to
Peisistratus. Cleisthenes may have enfranchised aliens and slaves, but
it seems certain that he must have dealt with these free Athenians who
had lost their rights. Now Isagoras presumably did not carry out this
revision of the roll (_diapsephismus_); as "the friend of the tyrants"
(so _Ath. Pol._ 20; by Meyer, Busolt and others contest this) he would
not have struck a blow at a class which favoured his own views. A
reasonable hypothesis is that Cleisthenes was the originator of the
measure of expulsion, and that he now changed his policy, and
strengthened his hold on the democracy by reinstating the disfranchised
in much larger numbers. The new citizens, whoever they were, must, of
course, have been enrolled also in the (hitherto exclusive) phratry
lists and the deme-rolls.

The council and boards of ten.

The Boul[=e] (q.v.) was reorganized to suit the new tribal arrangement,
and was known henceforward as the Council of the Five Hundred, fifty
from each tribe. Its exact constitution is unknown, but it was certainly
more democratic than the Solonian Four Hundred. Further, the system of
ten tribes led in course of time to the construction of boards of ten to
deal with military and civil affairs, e.g. the Strategi (see STRATEGUS),
the Apodectae, and others. Of these the former cannot be attributed to
Cleisthenes, but on the evidence of Androtion it is certain that it was
Cleisthenes who replaced the Colacretae[5] by the Apodectae
("receivers"), who were controllers and auditors of the finance
department, and, before the council in the council-chamber, received the
revenues. The Colacretae, who had done this work before, remained in
authority over the internal expenses o