.

AUTHORITIES.--See W. Whiston's _Historical Memoirs_, and the preface
by Benjamin Hoadly to Clarke's _Works_ (4 vols., London, 1738-1742).
See further on his general philosophical position J. Hunt's _Religious
Thought in England_, _passim_, but particularly in vol. ii. 447-457,
and vol. iii. 20-29 and 109-115, &c.; Rob. Zimmermann in the
_Denkschriften d. k. Akademie der Wissenschaften, Phil.-Hist. Classe_,
Bd. xix. (Vienna, 1870); H. Sidgwick's _Methods of Ethics_ (6th ed.,
1901), p. 384; A. Bain's _Moral Science_ (1872), p. 562 foll., and
_Mental Science_ (1872), p. 416; Sir L. Stephen's _English Thought in
the Eighteenth Century_ (3rd ed., 1902), c. iii.; J. E. le Rossignol,
_Ethical Philosophy of S. Clarke_ (Leipzig, 1892).

CLARKE, THOMAS SHIELDS (1860- ), American artist, was born in Pittsburg,
Pennsylvania, on the 25th of April 1860, and graduated at Princeton in
1882. He was a pupil of the Art Students' League, New York, and of the
Ecole des Beaux Arts, Paris, under J.L. Gerome; later he entered the
atelier of Dagnan-Bouveret, and, becoming interested in sculpture,
worked for a while under Henri M. Chapu. As a sculptor, he received a
medal of honour in Madrid for his "The Cider Press," now in the Golden
Gate Park, San Francisco, California, and he made four caryatides of
"The Seasons" for the Appellate Court House, New York. He designed an
"Alma Mater" for Princeton University, and a model is in the library.
Among his paintings are his "Night Market in Morocco" (Philadelphia Art
Club), for which he received a medal at the International Exposition in
Berlin in 1891, and his "A Fool's Fool," exhibited at the Salon in 1887
and now in the collection of the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts,
Philadelphia.

CLARKE, WILLIAM BRANWHITE (1798-1878), British geologist, was born at
East Bergholt, in Suffolk, on the 2nd of June 1798. He received his
early education at Dedham grammar school, and in 1817 entered Jesus
College, Cambridge; he took his B.A. in 1821, was ordained and became
M.A. in 1824. In 1821 he was appointed curate of Ramsholt in Suffolk,
and he acted in his clerical capacity in other places until 1839. Having
become interested in geology through the teachings of Sedgwick, he
utilized his opportunities and gathered many interesting facts on the
geology of East Anglia which were embodied in a paper "On the Geological
Structure and Phenomena of Suffolk" (_Trans. Geol. Soc.