humanism.

France.

Germany.

In France the most effective of the early teachers of Greek was Janus
Lascaris (1495-1503). Among his occasional pupils was Budaeus (d. 1540),
who prompted Francis I. to found in 1530 the corporation of the Royal
Readers in Greek, as well as Latin and Hebrew, afterwards famous under
the name of the College de France. In the study of Greek one of the
earliest links between Italy and Germany was Rudolf Agricola, who had
learned Greek under Gaza at Ferrara. It was in Paris that his younger
contemporary Reuchlin acquired part of that proficiency in Greek which
attracted the notice of Argyropulus, whose admiration of Reuchlin is
twice recorded by Melanchthon, who soon afterwards was pre-eminent as
the "praeceptor" of Germany.

England.

In the age of the revival the first Englishman who studied Greek was a
Benedictine monk, William of Selling (d. 1494), who paid two visits to
Italy. At Canterbury he inspired with his own love of learning his
nephew, Linacre, who joined him on one of those visits, studied Greek at
Florence under Politian and Chalcondyles, and apparently stayed in Italy
from 1485 to 1499. His translation of a treatise of Galen was printed at
Cambridge in 1521 by Siberch, who, in the same year and place, was the
first to use Greek type in England. Greek had been first taught to some
purpose at Oxford by Grocyn on his return from Italy in 1491. One of the
younger scholars of the day was William Lilye, who picked up his Greek
at Rhodes on his way to Palestine and became the first high-master of
the school founded by Colet at St Paul's (1510).

(b) That part of the _Modern Period_ of classical studies which succeeds
the age of the Revival in Italy may be subdivided into three periods
distinguished by the names of the nations most prominent in each.

The French period.

1. The first may be designated the _French_ period. It begins with the
foundation of the Royal Readers by Francis I. in 1530, and it may
perhaps be regarded as extending to 1700. This period is marked by a
many-sided _erudition_ rather than by any special cult of the _form_ of
the classical languages. It is the period of the great polyhistors of
France. It includes Budaeus and the elder Scaliger (who settled in
France in 1529), with Turnebus and Lambinus, and the learned printers
Robertus and Henricus Stephanus, while among its foremost names are
those of the younger (and greater) Scaliger, Casa