mained till in 1830 he was made
chief of the 3rd Artillery Inspection at Breslau. Next year he became
chief of staff to Field-marshal Gneisenau, who commanded an army of
observation on the Polish frontier. After the dissolution of this army
Clausewitz returned to his artillery duties; but on the 18th of November
1831 he died at Breslau of cholera, which had proved fatal to his chief
also, and a little previously, to his old Russian commander Diebitsch on
the other side of the frontier.

His collected works were edited and published by his widow, who was
aided by some officers, personal friends of the general, in her task. Of
the ten volumes of _Hinterlassene Werke ueber Krieg und Kriegfuehrung_
(Berlin, 1832-1837, later edition called _Clausewitz's Gesammte Werke_,
Berlin, 1874) the first three contain Clausewitz's masterpiece, _Vom
Kriege_, an exposition of the philosophy of war which is absolutely
unrivalled. He produced no "system" of strategy, and his critics styled
his work "negative" and asked "_Qu'a-t-il fonde?_" What he had "founded"
was that modern strategy which, by its hold on the Prussian mind,
carried the Prussian arms to victory in 1866 and 1870 over the
"systematic" strategists Krismanic and Bazaine, and his philosophy of
war became, not only in Germany but in many other countries, the
essential basis of all serious study of the art of war. The English and
French translations (Graham, _On War_, London, 1873; Neuens, _La
Guerre_, Paris, 1849-1852; or Vatry, _Theorie de la grande guerre_,
Paris, 1899), with the German original, place the work at the disposal
of students of most nationalities. The remaining volumes deal with
military history: vol. 4, the Italian campaign of 1796-97; vols. 5 and
6, the campaign of 1799 in Switzerland and Italy; vol. 7, the wars of
1812, 1813 to the armistice, and 1814; vol. 8, the Waterloo Campaign;
vols. 9 and 10, papers on the campaigns of Gustavus Adolphus, Turenne,
Luxemburg, Muennich, John Sobieski, Frederick the Great, Ferdinand of
Brunswick, &c. He also wrote _Ueber das Leben und den Charakter von
Scharnhorst_ (printed in Ranke's _Historisch-politischer Zeitschrift_,
1832). A manuscript on the catastrophe of 1806 long remained
unpublished. It was used by v. Hoepfner in his history of that war, and
eventually published by the Great General Staff in 1888 (French
translation, 1903). Letters from Clausewitz to his wife were published
in _Zeitschrift fuer preussische Landes