s Marcellus Clay_ (Cincinnati, 1896); and _The Writings of
Cassius Marcellus Clay_ (edited with a "Memoir" by Horace Greeley. New
York, 1848).

CLAY, CHARLES (1801-1893), English surgeon, was born at Bredbury, near
Stockport, on the 27th of December 1801. He began his medical education
as a pupil of Kinder Wood in Manchester (where he used to attend John
Dalton's lectures on chemistry), and in 1821 went to Edinburgh to
continue his studies there. Qualifying in 1823, he began a general
practice in Ashton-under-Lyne, but in 1839 removed to Manchester to
practise as an operative and consulting surgeon. It was there that, in
1842, he first performed the operation of ovariotomy with which his name
is associated. On this occasion it was perfectly successful, and when
in 1865 he published an analysis of 111 cases he was able to show a
mortality only slightly above 30%. Although his merits in this matter
have sometimes been denied, his claim to the title "Father of
Ovariotomy" is now generally conceded, and it is admittted that he
deserves the credit not only of having shown how that operation could be
made a success, but also of having played an important part in the
advance of abdominal surgery for which the 19th century was conspicuous.
In spite of the claims of a heavy practice, Clay found time for the
pursuit of geology and archaeology. Among the books of which he was the
author were a volume of _Geological Sketches of Manchester_ (1839) and a
_History of the Currency of the Isle of Man_ (1849), and his collections
included over a thousand editions of the Old and New Testaments and a
remarkably complete series of the silver and copper coins of the United
States. He died at Poulton-le-Fylde, near Preston, on the 19th of
September 1893.

CLAY, FREDERIC (1838-1889), English musical composer, the son of James
Clay, M.P., who was celebrated as a player of whist and a writer on that
subject, was born in Paris on the 3rd of August 1838. He studied music
under W.B. Molique in Paris and Moritz Hauptmann at Leipzig. With the
exception of a few songs and two cantatas, _The Knights of the Cross_
(1866) and _Lalla Rookh_ (1877),--the latter of which contained his
well-known song "I'll sing thee songs of Araby,"--his compositions were
all written for the stage. Clay's first public appearance was made with
an opera entitled _Court and Cottage_, the libretto of which was written
by Tom Taylor. This was produced at Covent