as admirable, the average standard of
Latin and Greek teaching and attainment in the upper classes was "below
that of an English public school"; he felt, however, that the secondary
schools of the United States had a "greater variety of the curriculum to
suit the practical needs of life," and that they existed, not "for the
select few," but "for the whole people" (pp. 250 f.).

For full information see the "Two volumes of Monographs prepared for
the United States Educational Exhibit at the Paris Exposition of
1900," edited by Dr N. Murray Butler; the _Annual Reports_ of the U.S.
commissioner of education (Washington); and the _Reports of the Mosely
Commission to the United States of America_ (London, 1904). Cf.
statistics quoted in G.G. Ramsay's "Address on Efficiency in
Education" (Glasgow, 1902, 17-20), from the _Transactions of the Amer.
Philol. Association_, xxx. (1899), pp. lxxvii-cxxii; also Bennett and
Bristol, _The Teaching of Latin and Greek in the Secondary School_
(New York, 1901). (J. E. S.*)

FOOTNOTES:

[1] The above derivation is in accordance with English usage. In the
_New English Dictionary_ the earliest example of the word "classical"
is the phrase "classical and canonical," found in the _Europae
Speculum_ of Sir Edwin Sandys (1599), and, as applied to a writer, it
is explained as meaning "of the first rank or authority." This
exactly corresponds with the meaning of _classicus_ in the above
passage of Gellius. On the other hand, the French word _classique_
(in Littre's view) primarily means "used in class."

[2] See also the article SCHOOLS.

CLASSIFICATION (Lat. _classis_, a class, probably from the root _cal-_,
_cla-_, as in Gr. [Greek: kaleo], _clamor_), a logical process, common
to all the special sciences and to knowledge in general, consisting in
the collection under a common name of a number of objects which are
alike in one or more respects. The process consists in observing the
objects and abstracting from their various qualities that characteristic
which they have in common. This characteristic constitutes the
definition of the "class" to which they are regarded as belonging. It
is this process by which we arrive first at "species" and then at
"genus," i.e. at all scientific generalization. Individual things,
regarded as such, constitute a mere aggregate, unconnected with one
another, and so far unexplained; scientific knowl