from
gout, died in Rome at the age of eighty-two, on the 21st (or perhaps the
23rd) of November 1682, leaving his wealth, which was considerable,
between his only surviving relatives, a nephew and an adopted daughter
(? niece).

Many choice specimens of his genius may be seen in the National Gallery
and in the Louvre; the landscapes in the Altieri and Colonna palaces in
Rome are also of especial celebrity. A list has been printed showing no
less than 92 examples in the various public galleries of Europe. He
himself regarded a landscape which he painted in the Villa Madama, being
a cento of various views with great abundance and variety of leafage,
and a composition of Esther and Ahasuerus, as his finest works; the
former he refused to sell, although Clement IX. offered to cover its
surface with gold pieces. He etched a series of twenty-eight landscapes,
fine impressions of which are greatly prized. Full of amenity, and
deeply sensitive to the graces of nature, Claude was long deemed the
prince of landscape painters, and he must always be accounted a prime
leader in that form of art, and in his day a great enlarger and refiner
of its province.

Claude was a man of amiable and simple character, very kind to his
pupils, a patient and unwearied worker; in his own sphere of study, his
mind was stored (as we have seen) with observation and knowledge, but he
continued an unlettered man till his death. Famous and highly patronized
though he was in all his later years, he seems to have been very little
known to his brother artists, with the single exception of Sandrart.
This painter is the chief direct authority for the facts of Claude's
life (_Academia Artis Pictoriae_, 1683); Baldinucci, who obtained
information from some of Claude's immediate survivors, relates various
incidents to a different effect (_Notizie dei professori del disegno_).

See also Victor Cousin, _Sur Claude Gelee_ (1853); M.F. Sweetser,
_Claude Lorrain_ (1878); Lady Dilke, _Claude Lorrain_ (1884).
(W. M. R.)

CLAUDET, ANTOINE FRANCOIS JEAN (1797-1867), French photographer, was
born at Lyons on the 12th of August 1797. Having acquired a share in
L.J.M. Daguerre's invention, he was one of the first to practise
daguerreotype portraiture in England, and he improved the sensitizing
process by using chlorine in addition to iodine, thus gaining greater
rapidity of action. In 1848 he produced the photographometer, an
instrument designed to measu