haracter] for
BS and PS, [Latin character] for the intermediate sound between I and U.

AUTHORITIES.--Ancient: the _Annals_ of Tacitus, Suetonius and Dio
Cassius. Modern: H. Lehmann, _Claudius und seine Zeit_, with
introductory chapter on the ancient authorities (1858); Lucien Double,
_L'Empereur Claude_ (1876); A. Ziegler, _Die politische Seite der
Regierung des Kaisers Claudius_ (1885); H.F. Pelham in _Quarterly
Review_ (April 1905), where certain administrative and political
changes introduced by Claudius, for which he was attacked by his
contemporaries, are discussed and defended; Merivale, _Hist. of the
Romans under the Empire_, chs. 49, 50; H. Schiller, _Geschichte der
roemischen Kaiserzeit_, i., pt. 1; H. Furneaux's ed. of the _Annals_ of
Tacitus (introduction).

CLAUDIUS, the name of a famous Roman gens. The by-form _Clodius_, in its
origin a mere orthographical variant, was regularly used for certain
Claudii in late republican times, but otherwise the two forms were used
indifferently. The gens contained a patrician and a plebeian family; the
chief representatives of the former were the Pulchri, of the latter the
Marcelli (see MARCELLUS). The following members of the gens deserve
particular mention.

1. APPIUS SAMINUS INREGILLENSIS, or REGILLENSIS, CLAUDIUS, so called
from Regillum (or Regilli) in Sabine territory, founder of the Claudian
gens. His original name was Attus or Attius Clausus. About 504 B.C. he
settled in Rome, where he and his followers formed a tribe. In 495 he
was consul, and his cruel enforcement of the laws of debtor and
creditor, in opposition to his milder colleague, P. Servilius Priscus,
was one of the chief causes of the "secession" of the plebs to the
Sacred Mount. On several occasions he displayed his hatred of the
people, although it is stated that he subsequently played the part of
mediator.

Suetonius, _Tiberius_, i.; Livy ii. 16-29; Dion. Halic. v. 40, vi. 23,
24.

2. CLAUDIUS, APPIUS, surnamed CRASSUS, a Roman patrician, consul in 471
and 451 B.C., and in the same and following year one of the decemvirs.
At first he was conspicuous for his aristocratic pride and bitter hatred
of the plebeians. Twice they refused to fight under him, and fled before
their enemies. He retaliated by decimating the army. He was banished,
but soon returned, and again became consul. In the same year (451) he
was made one of the decemviri who had been appointed to