aditions, and
unreasoned inclination to the new order of things.

FOOTNOTES:

[Footnote 1: "Pessimism, a History and a Criticism," London, 1877.]

[Footnote 2: Ed. von Hartmann: "Zur Geschichte und Begruendung des
Pessimismus," Leipzig, Hermann Haacke, p. 187.]

[Footnote 3: "Les Poetes Lyriques de l'Autriche," Paris, 1886, p. 293.]

[Footnote 4: "Vortraege und Aufsaetze zur Geschichte des geistigen Lebens
in Deutschland und Oesterreich," Berlin, 1874, p. 413.]

[Footnote 5: Act 5, Sc. 2.]

[Footnote 6: "Goethes Werke," Weimar ed. Vol. 28, p. 227 f.]

[Footnote 7: _Ibid._, p. 216 f.]

[Footnote 8: In view of Goethe's own words, then, the caution of a
recent critic (Felix Melchior in _Litt. Forsch._ XXVII Heft, Berlin,
1903) against applying the term Weltschmerz to "Werther," would seem to
miss the mark entirely. Werther is a type, just as truly as is Faust,
though in a smaller way, and the malady which he typifies has its
ultimate origin in the development of public life,--the very condition
which this critic insists upon as a mark of Weltschmerz in the proper
application of the term.]

[Footnote 9: "Historische und politische Aufsaetze," Leipzig, 1897. Vol.
4.]

[Footnote 10: As early as 1797 Hoelderlin's Hyperion laments: "Mein
Geschaeft auf Erden ist aus. Ich bin voll Willens an die Arbeit gegangen,
habe geblutet darueber, und die Welt um keinen Pfennig reicher gemacht."
("Hoelderlin's gesammelte Dichtungen, herausgegeben von B. Litzmann,"
Stuttgart, Cotta, undated. Vol. II, p. 68.) Several decades later Heine
writes: "Ich kann mich ueber die Siege meiner liebsten Ueberzeugungen
nicht recht freuen, da sie mir gar zu viel gekostet haben. Dasselbe mag
bei manchem ehrlichen Manne der Fall sein, und es traegt viel bei zu der
grossen duesteren Verstimmung der Gegenwart." (Brief vom 21 April, 1851,
an Gustav Kolb; Werke, Karpeles ed. Vol. IX, p. 378.)]

[Footnote 11: "Confession d'un enfant du siecle." Oeuvres compl. Paris,
1888 (Charpentier). Vol. VIII, p. 24.]

CHAPTER II

=Hoelderlin=

A case such as that of Hoelderlin, subject as he was from the time of his
boyhood to melancholy, and ending in hopeless insanity, at once suggests
the question of heredity. Little or nothing is known concerning his
remote ancestors. His great-grandfather had been administrator of a
convent at Grossbottwar, and died of dropsy of the chest at the age of
forty-seven. His grandfather had held a similar position as