[111] 321 U.S. 414 (1944).

[112] Ibid. 444.

[113] Ibid. 468.

[114] Pet. 511 (1928).

[115] Ibid. 546.

[116] Ibid. 546. Closely analogous to the territorial courts are
extraterritorial and consular courts created in the exercise of the
foreign relations power. _See_ In re Ross, 140 U.S. 453 (1891).

[117] 279 U.S. 438 (1929).

[118] Ibid. 451.

[119] Gordon _v._ United States, 117 U.S. 697 (1886); McElrath _v._
United States, 102 U.S. 426 (1880); Williams _v._ United States, 289
U.S. 553 (1933).

[120] United States _v._ Coe, 155 U.S. 76 (1894).

[121] Wallace _v._ Adams, 204 U.S. 415 (1907).

[122] Old Colony Trust Co. _v._ Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 279
U.S. 716 (1929); Ex parte Bakelite Corporation, 279 U.S. 438 (1929).

[123] The general tendency in the evolution of legislative courts is to
provide for tenure during good behavior. This is true of the judges of
the Court of Claims, the Customs Court, the Court of Customs and Patent
Appeals. The terms of the judges of the Tax Court are limited to twelve
years and the judges are subject to removal by the President after
notice and hearing. For the provisions of the statutes governing these
matters _see_ 28 U.S.C. Sec. 241, 296, 301-301a; 26 U.S.C. Sec. 1102b, d,
f. The territorial judges in Alaska (48 U.S.C. Sec. 112) have four-year
terms subject to removal by the President; in Hawaii six years unless
removed by the President (48 U.S.C. Sec. 643), eight years in Puerto
Rico (28 U.S.C. Sec. 803); eight years in the Canal Zone subject to
removal by the President (48 U.S.C. Sec. 1353); and four years in the
Virgin Islands unless sooner removed by the President (48 U.S.C. Sec.
1405y).

[124] 141 U.S. 174 (1891).

[125] Ibid. 188

[126] 289 U.S. 553 (1933).

[127] 268 U.S. 501 (1925).

[128] 117 U.S. 697 (1886).

[129] 13 How. 40, 48 (1852). _See also_ Keller _v._ Potomac Electric
Power Co., 261 U.S. 428 (1923); Federal Radio Commission _v._ General
Electric Co., 231 U.S. 464 (1930).

[130] 5 Wall. 419 (1867).

[131] Postum Cereal Co. _v._ California Fig Nut Co., 272 U.S. 693
(1927); Federal Radio Commission _v._ General Electric Co., 281 U.S. 464
(1930); Pope _v._ United States, 323 U.S. 1 (1944).

[132] 112 U.S. 50 (1884).

[133] Keller _v._ Potomac Electric Co., 261 U.S. 428 (1923).

[134] Federal Radio Commission _v._ General Electric Co., 281 U.S. 464
(1930).

[135] 279 U.S. 438 (1929). All of these rulings with respect to t