Commentaries, Sec. 1590-1595.

[603] 1 Stat. 73, Sec. 9-11.

[604] Ibid.

[605] Ibid. Sec. 14, 15, 17, 18.

[606] Ibid. Sec. 16.

[607] Dall. 8 (1799).

[608] Ibid. 9.

[609] Ex parte Bollman, 4 Cr. 75, 93 (1807). Two years later Chief
Justice Marshall in Bank of United States _v._ Deveaux, 5 Cr. 61 (1809),
held for the Court that the right to sue does not imply a right to sue
in a federal court unless conferred expressly by an act of Congress.

[610] 7 Cr. 32 (1812).

[611] Ibid. 33.

[612] Ibid.

[613] 12 Pet. 657, 721-722 (1838).

[614] 3 How. 236 (1845).

[615] Ibid. 244-245. To these sweeping assertions of legislative
supremacy Justices Story and McLean took vigorous exception. They denied
the authority of Congress to deprive the courts of power and vest it in
an executive official because "the right to construe the laws in all
matters of controversy is of the very essence of judicial power." In
their view the act as interpreted violated the principle of the
separation of powers, impaired the independence of the judiciary, and
merged the executive and judicial department. Dissent of Justice McLean,
pp. 264 and following.

[616] 8 How. 441 (1850).

[617] Ibid. 449.

[618] Rice _v._ M. & N.W.R. Co., 1 Bl. 358, 374 (1862); Mayor of
Nashville _v._ Cooper, 6 Wall. 247, 251-252 (1868); United States _v._
Eckford, 6 Wall. 484, 488 (1868); Ex parte Yerger, 8 Wall. 85, 104
(1868); case of the Sewing Machine Companies, 18 Wall. 553, 557-558
(1874); Morgan _v._ Gay, 19 Wall. 81, 83 (1874); Gaines _v._ Fuentes, 92
U.S. 10, 18 (1876); Jones _v._ United States, 137 U.S. 202, 211 (1890);
Holmes _v._ Goldsmith, 147 U.S. 150, 158 (1893); Johnson Steel Street
Rail Co. _v._ Wharton, 152 U.S. 252, 260 (1894); Plaquemines Tropical
Fruit Co. _v._ Henderson, 170 U.S. 511, 513-521 (1898); Stevenson _v._
Fain, 195 U.S. 165, 167 (1904); Kentucky _v._ Powers, 201 U.S. 1, 24
(1906); Venner _v._ Great Northern R. Co., 209 U.S. 24, 35 (1908); Ladew
_v._ Tennessee Copper Co., 218 U.S. 357, 358 (1910); Kline _v._ Burke
Construction Co., 260 U.S. 226, 233, 234 (1922). _See also_ Lauf _v._
E.G. Shinner & Co., 303 U.S. 323 (1938); Federal Power Commission _v._
Pacific Power & Light Co., 307 U.S. 156 (1939).

[619] Mayor of Nashville _v._ Cooper, 6 Wall. 247, 251-252 (1868). The
rule of Cary _v._ Curtis and Sheldon _v._ Sill was restated with
emphasis many years later in Kline _v._ Burke Construction Co., 260 U.S.
226, 233-2