levying of war, based on
forcible resistance to execution of a statute; defendant convicted and
later pardoned). The Burr Conspiracy: Ex parte Bollman, 4 Cr. 75 (1807);
United States _v._ Burr, 25 Fed. Cas. Nos. 14,692a (1806); 14,693 (1807)
(conspiracy to levy war held not an overt act of levying war). United
States _v._ Lee, 26 Fed. Cas. No. 15,584 (1814) (sale of provisions a
sufficient overt act; acquittal). United States _v._ Hodges, 26 Fed. Cas
No. 15,374 (1815) (obtaining release of prisoners to the enemy is
adhering to the enemy, the act showing the intent; acquittal). United
States _v._ Hoxie, 26 Fed. Cas. No. 15,407 (1808) (attack of smugglers
on troops enforcing embargo is riot and not levying of war). United
States _v._ Pryor, 27 Fed. Cas. No. 16,096 (1814) (proceeding under flag
of truce with enemy detachment to help buy provisions is too remote an
act to establish adhering to the enemy). United States _v._ Hanway, 26
Fed. Cas. No. 15,299 (1851) (forcible resistance to execution of
Fugitive Slave Law no levying of war). United States _v._ Greiner, 26
Fed. Cas. No. 15,262 (1861) (participation as members of state militia
company in seizure of a federal fort is a levying of war). United States
_v._ Greathouse, 26 Fed. Cas. No. 15,254 (1863) (fitting out and sailing
a privateer is a levying of war; defendants convicted, later pardoned).
Cases of confiscation of property or refusal to enforce obligations
given in connection with sale of provisions to the Confederacy: Hanauer
_v._ Doane, 12 Wall. 342 (1871); Carlisle _v._ United States, 16 Wall.
147 (1873); Sprott _v._ United States, 20 Wall. 459, 371[Transcriber's
Note: "371" is incorrect--case occupies 20 Wall. 459-474 (1874)] (1874);
United States _v._ Athens Armory, 24 Fed. Cas. No. 14,473 (1868) (mixed
motive, involving commercial profit, does not bar finding of giving aid
and comfort to the enemy). United States _v._ Cathcart and United States
_v._ Parmenter, 25 Fed. Cas. No. 14,756 (1864). Chenoweth's Case
(unreported: _see_ Ex parte Vallandigham, 28 Fed. Cas. No. 16,816, at
888 (1863)) (indictment bad for alleging aiding and abetting rebels,
instead of directly charging levying of war). Case of Jefferson Davis, 7
Fed. Cas. No. 3621a (1867-71) (argument that rebels whose government
achieved status of a recognized belligerent could not be held for
treason; Davis was not tried on the indictment); _see_ 2 Warren, Supreme
Court in United States History (1934 ed