y consideration of which concerns later and medieval
costume generally. See I. Abrahams, _Jewish Life in the Middle Ages_
(1896), chap. xv. sq.; and especially the _Jew. Encyc._, s.v. "Dress"
(with numerous illustrations).

AUTHORITIES.--Much useful material will be found in popular
illustrated books (especially C. J. Ball, _Light from the East_,
London, 1899) and in the magnificent volumes on the history of ancient
art by G. Perrot and C. Chipiez. On Egyptian costume see especially J.
G. Wilkinson, _Manners and Customs of the Ancient Egyptians_ (ed. by
S. Birch, 1878), and A. Erman _Life in Ancient Egypt_ (1894,
especially pp. 200-233); for Egyptian evidence, see W. M. Muller,
_Asien und Europa nach altagypt. Denkmaler_ (Leipzig, 1893), _Mitteil.
d. vorderasiat. Gesellschaft_ (1904), ii. (and elsewhere). The most
important study on old Babylonian dress is that of E. Meyer, "Sumerier
und Semiten in Babylonien," in the _Abhandlungen_ of the Berlin
University (1906). For Hittite material, see the collection by L.
Messerschmidt, _Mitteil. d. vorderas. Ges._ (1900 and 1902). For
special discussions, see H. Weiss, _Kostumkunde_, i. (Stuttgart,
1881), articles in _Dict. Bible_ (Hastings), _Ency. Biblica_, and
_Jewish Encyc._, and I. Benzinger, Hebr. _Archaologie_ (Tubingen,
1907), pp. 73 sqq. See also the general bibliography at the end.
(S. A. C.)

[Illustration: From Petsofa (Annual of the Brit. School at Athens).

FIG. 15.--Terra-cotta Statuette.]

ii. _Aegean Costume._--The discoveries made at Mycenae and other centres
of "Mycenaean" civilization, and those of more recent date due to the
excavations of Dr A. J. Evans and others in Crete, have shown that
Hellenic culture was preceded in the Aegean by a civilization differing
from it in many respects (see AEGEAN CIVILIZATION), and not least in
costume. The essential feature both of male and female dress during the
"Minoan" and "Mycenaean" periods was the loin-cloth, which is best
represented by the votive terra-cotta statuettes from Petsofa in Crete
discovered by Professor J. L. Myres and published in the ninth volume of
the _Annual of the British School at Athens_ (fig. 15). J. L. Myres
shows that the costume consists of three parts--the loin-cloth itself, a
white wrapper or kilt worn over it, and a knotted girdle which secured
the whole and perhaps played its part in producing and maintaining the
wasp waists characteristic of t