ilia_), wreaths (_coronae_) and hair-pins (_crinales_).
The tore (_torques_), or cord of gold worn round the neck, was
introduced from Gaul. A profusion of precious stones, and absence of
skill or refinement in workmanship, distinguish Roman from Greek or
Etruscan jewelry; but in the character of the designs there is no real
difference.

See Marquardt-Mau, _Privatleben der Romer_, pp. 550 seq. (gives a full
collection of literary references); Cybulski, _op. cit_., pls. xix.,
xx., with Amelung's text; articles by W. Helbig, especially
_Sitzungsberichte der bayrischen Akademie_ (1880), pp. 487 seq. (on
headgear); _Hermes_ xxxix. 161 seq. (on _toga_ and _trabea_), and
_Memoires de l'Academie des inscriptions_, xxxvii. (1905) (on the
costume of the Salii); articles by L. Heuzey in Daremberg and Saglio's
_Dictionnaire des antiquites_, also in _Revue de l'art_, i. 98 seq.,
204 seq., ii. 193 seq., 295 seq. (on the _toga_). See also the general
bibliography at the end. (H. S. J.)

II. COSTUME IN MEDIEVAL AND MODERN EUROPE

i. _Pre-Roman and Roman Britain._--Men who had found better clothing
than the skins of beasts were in Britain when Caesar landed. Little as
we know of England before the English, we have at least the knowledge
that Britons, other than the poorer and wilder sort of the north and the
fens, wore cloaks and hats, sleeved coats whose skirts were cut above
the knee and loose trousers after the fashion of the Gauls. They were
not an armoured race, for they would commonly fight naked to the waist,
dreadful with tattooing and woad staining, but Pliny describes their
close-woven felts as all but sword-proof. Dyers as well as weavers,
their cloaks, squares of cloth like a Highland plaid, were of black or
blue, rough on the one side, while coats and trousers were bright
coloured, striped and checkered, red being the favourite hue. For
ornament the British chiefs wore golden torques about their necks and
golden arm-rings with brooches and pins of metal or ivory, beads of
brass, of jet and amber from their own coasts, and of glass bought of
the Southern merchants. Their women had gowns to the ankle, with shorter
tunics above them. The Druid bards had their vestments of blue, while
the star-gazers and leeches went in green.

Agricola's Romanizing work must have made great changes in dress as in
policy. The British chief with the Latin tongue in his mouth, living in
a Roman villa and taking his