57).

For a long time the work was but partially known, and that chiefly
through an abridgment in the vast compilation of Vincent of Beauvais
(_Speculum Historiale_) made in the generation following the traveller's
own, and printed first in 1473. Hakluyt (1598) and Bergeron (1634)
published portions of the original work; but the complete and genuine
text was not printed till 1838, when it was put forth by the late M.
D'Avezac, an editorial masterpiece, embodied (1839) in the 4th volume of
the _Recueil de voyages et de memoires_ of the Geographical Society of
Paris.

Joannes' companion, Benedictus Polonus, also left a brief narrative
taken down from his oral relation. This was first published by M.
D'Avezac in the work just named.

The following four MSS. may be noticed: (1) "Corpus," i.e. Corpus
Christi College, Cambridge, No. 181; (2) "Petau," i.e. Leiden
University, 77 (formerly 104)--both these are certainly earlier than
1300; (3) "Colbert," i.e. Paris, National Library, Fonds Lat. 2477, of
about 1350; (4) "London-Lumley," i.e. London, British Museum, MSS.
Reg. 13 A xiv., of late 13th century. Three other MSS. certainly
exist; yet six more are perhaps to be found, but none of these
possesses the value of those given above. Besides the editions
referred to in the body of the article, we may also mention (1) P.
Girolamo Golubovich, _Biblioteca bio-bibliografica della Terra Santa e
dell' Oriente Francescano_ (1906), vol. i. (1215-1300), pp. 190-213;
(2) _William of Rubruck ... with ... John of Pian de Carpine_, edited
by W.W. Rockhill, Hakluyt Society (1900), especially pp. 1-39; (3) C.
Raymond Beazley, _Dawn of Modern Geography_, ii. (1901), 279-317,
375-380; in. 85, 544, 553; and _Carpini and Rubruquis_, Hakluyt
Society (1903), especially pp. vii.-xviii. 43-144, 249-295.
(H. Y.; C. R. B.)

CARPOCRATES, a Gnostic of the 2nd century, about whose life and opinions
comparatively little is known. He is said to have been a native of
Alexandria and by birth a Jew. His family, however, seem to have been
converted to Christianity. With Epiphanes, his son, he was the leader of
a philosophic school basing its theories mainly upon Platonism, and
striving to amalgamate Plato's _Republic_ with the Christian ideal of
human brotherhood. The image of Jesus was crowned along with those of
Pythagoras, Plato and Aristotle. Carpocrates made especial use of the
doctrines of reminiscence and