ck to back, in front and behind; the
"governess-cart" (presumably so called from its use for children), a
very low two-wheeled pony-carriage, has two side seats facing inwards;
the "tax-cart," a light two-wheeled farmer's cart, was so called because
formerly exempted from taxation as under the value of L21.

CARTAGENA, or CARTHAGENA, a city, seaport, and the capital of the
department of Bolivar, Colombia, South America, on the Caribbean coast,
in 10 deg. 25' 48" N., 75 deg. 34' W. Pop. (1905, official estimate)
14,000. The population of Cartagena is largely composed of blacks and
mixed races, which form the predominant type on the lowland plains of
northern Colombia. The well-to-do whites of Cartagena usually have
country houses on the Turbaco hills, where the temperature is much lower
than on the coast. The mean annual temperature in the city is 82 deg.,
and the port is classed as very unhealthful, especially for
unacclimatized foreigners. The harbour, which is the best on the north
coast of South America, is formed by an indentation of the coast-line
shut in by two long islands lying parallel to the mainland. It covers an
area of about 62.5 sq. m. and affords deep and secure anchorages and
ample facilities for loading and unloading large vessels. The city
itself has no modern quays, and large vessels do not approach within a
mile of its landing-stages, but the railway pier (lengthened 120 ft. in
1898) on the mainland opposite permits the mooring of vessels alongside.
There were formerly two entrances to the harbour--the Boca Grande (large
mouth) between the low sandy island or peninsula on which the city
stands and the island of Tierra Bomba, and the Boca Chica (small mouth)
at the south end of the latter island. The Boca Grande was filled with
stone after the city had been captured three times, because of the ease
with which an enemy's ships could pass through it at any time, and the
narrow and more easily defended Boca Chica, 7 m. farther south, has
since been used.

The city occupies a part of the upper island or peninsula facing the
northern end of the harbour, and is separated from the mainland on the
east by a shallow lagoon-like extension of the bay which is bridged by a
causeway passing through the extramural suburb of Xiximani on another
island. The old city, about 3/4 m. long, north and south, and 1/2 m.
wide, is enclosed by a heavy wall, in places 40 ft. thick, and is
defended by several formidable-l