lver and gold mines were the source of
great wealth both to the Carthaginians and to the Romans. In 210 B.C.
this important place, the headquarters and treasure city of the Punic
army, was stormed and taken with great slaughter by P. Scipio. The city
continued to flourish under the Romans, who made it a colony, with the
name _Colonia Victrix Julia Nova Carthago_. In A.D. 425 it was pillaged
and nearly destroyed by the Goths. Cartagena was a bishopric from about
400 to 1289, when the see was removed to Murcia. Under the Moors it
became an independent principality, which was destroyed by Ferdinand II.
of Castile in 1243, restored by the Moors, and finally conquered by
James I. of Aragon in 1276. It was rebuilt by Philip II. of Spain
(1527-1598) for the sake of its harbour. In 1585 it was sacked by an
English fleet under Sir Francis Drake. In 1706, in the War of the
Spanish Succession, it was occupied by Sir John Leake; and in the next
year it was retaken by the duke of Berwick. On the 5th of November 1823
it capitulated to the French. In consequence of the insurrection in
Spain, Cartagena was in 1844 again the scene of warfare. On the 23rd of
August 1873 it was bombarded by the Spanish fleet under Admiral Lobos;
on the 11th of October a battle took place off the town, between the
ships of the government and the rebels, and on the 12th of January 1874
Cartagena was occupied by the government troops.

See _Biblioteca historica de Cartagena_, by G. Vicent y Portillo
(Madrid, 1889, &c.); _Fechos y fechas de Cartagena_, by I. Martinez
Rito (Cartagena, 1894); and _Serie de los obispos de Cartagena_, by P.
Diaz Casson (Madrid, 1895).

CARTAGO, the capital of the province of Cartago, in Costa Rica, Central
America; 13 m. E.S.E. of San Jose by the trans-continental railway. Pop.
(1900) 4536. Cartago is built 4930 ft. above sea-level, on the fertile
and beautiful plateau of San Jose, and at the southern base of the
volcano Irazu (11,200 ft.). Some of its older buildings, especially the
churches, are of considerable interest; but all bear marks of the
volcanic disturbances from which the town has suffered on many
occasions--notably in 1723, when it was nearly overwhelmed by the
bursting of the flooded crater of Irazu, and in 1841, when it was
shattered by an earthquake. There are hot mineral springs much
frequented by invalids at Bella Vista, a suburb connected with the town
by a tramway 3 m. long. The local trade is