is works, with biographical notice by Littre, were published in five
volumes (Paris, 1858), A fine estimate of his character will be found
in Mill's _Dissertations_, vol. i.

CARRERA, JOSE MIGUEL (1785-1821), the principal leader in the early
fighting for the independence of Chile, was born at Santiago on the 15th
of October 1785. Sent to Spain for a military career, he served in the
Spanish army in the Napoleonic war, but returned to Chile in July 1811,
where his vigorous character and military experience enabled him by
means of a series of coup d'etats to place himself at the head of the
nationalist government. Though at first he laboured patriotically to
establish a stable administration, to promote education, and to organize
the Chilean forces, his selfish arrogant spirit produced dissensions
between himself and other patriots, and it was his rivalry with Bernardo
O'Higgins that led to the defeat of the nationalist forces at Rancagua
in 1814. In the expedition of 1817, led by Jose de San Martin and
Bernardo O'Higgins, which resulted in the liberation of Chile, Carrera
had no share, owing to his hostility to the leaders, but he attempted to
procure in the United States materials for a fresh enterprise of his
own. The Argentine government, however, suspicious of his intentions,
would not allow him to go to Chile, and Carrera, enraged by this
treatment and by the execution of his brothers at Mendoza by the San
Martin party, proceeded to organize rebellion in Argentina, but was
eventually captured and shot at Mendoza on the 4th of September 1821.

See A. Valdes, _Revolucion Chilena y Campanas de la Independencia_
(Santiago, 1888), which is practically a vindication of Carrera's
career; also P.B. Figueroa, _Diccionario biografico de Chile,
1550-1887_ (Santiago, 1888), and J.B. Suarez, _Rasgos biograficos de
hombres notables de Chile_ (Valparaiso, 1886), both giving
biographical sketches of prominent characters in Chilean history.

CARRIAGE, a term which in its widest signification is used, as its
derivation permits, for any form of "carrying"; thus, a person's
"carriage" is still spoken of in the sense of the way he bears himself.
But it is more specifically the general term for all vehicular
structures employed for the purposes of transport of merchandise and
movable goods and of human beings. Such vehicles are generally mounted
on wheels, but the sledge and the litter are types of the excep