faculty of jurists at Leipzig in 1645, and was named privy councillor at
Dresden in 1653. Among his works which had a very extensive influence on
the administration of justice, even beyond the limits of Saxony, are
_Definitiones forenses_ (1638), _Practica nova Imperialis Saxonica rerum
criminalium_ (1635), _Opus decisionum illustrium Saxoniae_ (1646),
_Processus juris Saxonici_ (1657), and others. He did much, both by his
writings and by his official work, to systematize the body of German
jurisprudence which had resulted from the intersection of the common law
of Saxony with the Roman and Canon laws. His last years were spent at
Leipzig, and his time was entirely devoted to sacred studies. He read
the Bible through fifty-three times, studying also the comments of
Osiander and Cramer, and making voluminous notes. These have been
allowed to remain in manuscript. He died at Leipzig on the 30th of
August 1666.

JOHANN BENEDIKT CARPZOV (1607-1657), fourth son of the first Benedikt,
was born at Rochlitz in 1607. He became professor of theology at Leipzig
in 1643, made himself chiefly known by his _Isagoge in Libros
Ecclesiarum Lutheranarum Symbolicos_ (published in 1665), and died at
Leipzig on the 22nd of October 1657, leaving five sons, all of whom
attained some literary eminence.

AUGUST CARPZOV (1612-1683), fifth son of the first Benedikt,
distinguished himself as a diplomatist. Born at Colditz on the 4th of
June 1612, he studied at the universities of Wittenberg, Leipzig and
Jena, and in 1637 was appointed advocate of the court of justice
(_Hofgericht_) at Wittenberg. Entering the service of Frederick William
II., duke of Saxe-Altenburg, he took part in the negotiations which led
to the peace of Westphalia in 1648, and was appointed chancellor by the
duke in 1649. From 1672 to 1680 he was chief minister of Ernest I. and
Frederick I., dukes of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, and died at Coburg on the 19th
of November 1683. August, who was a man of earnest piety, wrote _Der
gekreuzigte Jesus_ (1679) and some treatises on jurisprudence.

JOHANN GOTTLOB CARPZOV (1670-1767), grandson of Johann Benedikt, was
born at Dresden in 1679. He was educated at Wittenberg, Leipzig and
Altdorf, became a learned theologian, and in 1719 was appointed
professor of Oriental languages at Leipzig. In 1730 he was made
superintendent and first pastor at Lubeck. His most important works were
the _Introductio in libros canonicos bibliorum Veteris Testame