: {
{ {Bent downward on the neck.
{ {Head and neck turned back
{ { beneath the breast.
{Head {Turned to one side.
{ {Turned upward and backward
{ { on the back.
{
{Hind limbs Hind feet engaged in the pelvis.
{
{Transverse Back of foal to side of pelvis.
{
{Inverted Back of foal to floor of pelvis.

{Hind limbs {Bent on itself at the hock.
Posterior presentations { {Bent at the hip.
{
{Transverse Back of foal to side of pelvis.
{
{Inverted Back of foal to floor of pelvis.

{With back and loins presented.
Transverse presentation of body {With breast and belly presented.

FORE LIMBS INCOMPLETELY EXTENDED.--In cases of this kind, not only are
the back tendons behind the knee and shank bone unduly short, but the
sinew extending from the front of the shoulder blade over the front of
the elbow and down to the head of the shank bone is also shortened. The
result is that the fore limb is bent at the knee and the elbow is also
rigidly bent. The condition obstructs parturition by the feet becoming
pressed against the floor of the pelvis or by the elbow pressing on its
anterior brim. Relief is to be obtained by forcible extension. A rope
with a running noose is passed around each fetlock and a repeller (see
Plate XIV) planted in the breast is pressed in a direction upward and
backward while active traction is made on the ropes. If the feet are not
thereby raised from the floor of the pelvis the palm of the hand may be
placed beneath them to protect the mucous membrane until they have
advanced sufficiently to obviate this danger. In the absence of a
repeller, a smooth rounded fork handle may be employed. If the
shortening is too great to allow of the extension of the limbs in this
way, the tense tendons may be cut across behind the shank bone and in
front of the elbow, and the l