disease, iodid of potassium and general tonics are indicated. When due
to tumors growing within the spinal canal, or to pressure from displaced
bone, no form of treatment will result in any benefit.

SPINAL HEMORRHAGE.

This may occur from changes in the wall of the blood vessels, in
connection with tumors, acute myelitis, traumatic injuries, etc. The
blood may escape through the pia mater into the subarachnoid cavity, and
large clots be formed.

_Symptoms._--The symptoms are largely dependent upon the seat and extent
of the hemorrhage, as they are principally owing to the compression of
the cord. A large clot may produce sudden paraplegia, accompanied with
severe pain along the spine; usually, however, the paralysis of both
motion and sensation is not very marked at first; on the second or third
day fever is liable to appear, and increased or diminished sensibility
along the spine posterior to the seat of the clot. When the bladder and
rectum are involved in the symptoms it indicates that the spinal cord is
compressed.

_Treatment._--In the occurrence of injuries to the back of a horse,
whenever there is any evidence of paralysis, it is always advisable to
apply bags of ice along the spine to check or prevent hemorrhage or
congestion, and 2 drams of the fluid extract of ergot and 20 drops of
tincture of digitalis may be given every hour until three doses have
been taken. Subsequently tincture of belladonna in half-ounce doses may
be given three times a day. If there is much pain, 5 grains of sulphate
of morphia, injected under the skin, will afford relief and lessen the
excitability of the animal. In all cases the animal should be kept
perfectly quiet.

SPINAL CONCUSSION.

This is rarely observed in the horse, and unless it is sufficiently
severe to produce well-marked symptoms it would not be suspected. It may
occur in saddle horses from jumping, or it may be produced by falling
over an embankment, or a violent fall upon the haunches may produce it.
Concussion may be followed by partial paralysis or spinal hemorrhage;
generally, however, it is confined to a jarring and some disturbance of
the nerve elements of the cord, and the paralytic effect which ensues
soon passes off. Treatment consists in rest until the animal has
completely recovered from the shock. If secondary effects follow from
hemorrhage or compression, they have to be treated as heretofore
directed.

SPINAL TUMORS.

Within the substance