, or heart strain, or loss of blood. It is indicated by a small,
feeble, but generally regular pulse, coldness of the body, etc.

Treatment should be directed to support and increase the strength of the
animal by tonics, rest, and nutritious feed. Carbonate of ammonia may be
given to stimulate the heart's action and to prevent the formation of
heart clot.

CONGESTION OF THE HEART

Congestion, or an accumulation of the blood in the cavities of the
heart, may occur in consequence of fibrinous deposits interfering with
the free movements of the valves, usually the product of endocarditis or
as a result of excessive muscular exertion.

Symptoms are great difficulty of breathing, paleness of the visible
mucous membranes, great anxiety, frequently accompanied by a general
tremor and cold perspiration, followed by death. It usually results in
death very quickly.

CYANOSIS OF NEWBORN FOALS.

This is a condition sometimes found in foals immediately after birth,
and is due to nonclosure of the foramen ovale, which allows a mixture of
the venous with the arterial blood in the left cavities of the heart. It
is characterized by a dark purple or bluish color of the visible mucous
membranes, shortness of breath, and a general feebleness. Foals thus
affected generally live only a few hours after birth.

DISEASES OF ARTERIES, OR ARTERITIS AND ENDARTERITIS.

Inflammation of arteries is rarely observed in the horse as a primary
affection. Direct injuries, such as blows, may produce a contusion and
subsequent inflammation of the wall of an artery; severe muscular strain
may involve an arterial trunk; hypertrophy of the heart, by increasing
arterial tension, may result in the production of a general
endarteritis. Septic infection may affect the inner coat and ultimately
involve all three, or it may be the result of an inflammation in the
vicinity of the vessels, etc. Inflammation of arteries, whatever the
cause may be, often leads to very serious results in the development of
secondary changes in their walls. Arteritis may be acute, subacute, or
chronic; when the inner coat alone is affected it is known as
endarteritis.

_Symptoms._--Arteritis is characterized by a painful swelling along the
inflamed vessel, throbbing pulse, coldness of the parts supplied by the
inflamed vessel, sometimes the formation of gangrenous sloughs,
suppuration, abscess, etc. In an inflammation of the iliac arteries we
find coldness and excessive l