cold water may serve every
purpose. Above all, adhesive and oily agents (molasses, sugar, fats) are
to be avoided, as only adding to the irritation. By way of suggesting
agents that may be used with good effect, salt and sulphate of soda may
be named, in solutions double the strength of sulphate of zinc, or 7
grains of nitrate of silver may be added to a quart of distilled water,
and will be found especially applicable in granular conjunctivitis,
diphtheria, or commencing ulceration. A cantharides blister (1 part of
Spanish fly to 4 parts lard) may be rubbed on the side of the face 3
inches below the eye, and washed off next morning with soapsuds and
oiled daily till the scabs are dropped.

WHITE SPECKS AND CLOUDINESS OF THE CORNEA.

As a result of external ophthalmia, opaque specks, clouds, or haziness
are too often left on the cornea and require for their removal that they
be daily touched with a soft feather dipped in a solution of 3 grains
nitrate of silver in 1 ounce distilled water. This should be applied
until all inflammation has subsided, and until its contact is
comparatively painless. It is rarely successful with an old, thick scar
following an ulcer, nor with an opacity having red blood vessels running
across it.

ULCERS OF THE CORNEA.

These may be treated with nitrate of silver lotion of twice the strength
used for opacities. Powdered gentian, one-half ounce, and sulphate of
iron, one-fourth ounce, daily, may improve the general health and
increase the reparatory power.

INTERNAL OPHTHALMIA (IRITIS, CHOROIDITIS, AND RETINITIS).

Although inflammations of the iris, choroid, and retina--the inner,
vascular, and nervous coats of the eye--occur to a certain extent
independently of each other, yet one usually supervenes upon the other,
and, as the symptoms are thus made to coincide, it will be best for our
present purposes to treat the three as one disease.

_Causes._--The causes of internal ophthalmia are largely those of the
external form only, acting with greater intensity or on a more
susceptible eye. Severe blows, bruises, punctures, etc., of the eye, the
penetration of foreign bodies into the eye (thorns, splinters of iron,
etc.), sudden transition from a dark stall to bright sunshine, to the
glare of snow or water, constant glare from a sunny window, abuse of the
overdraw checkrein, vivid lightning flashes, drafts of cold, damp air;
above all, when the animal is perspiring, exposure in cold