ponsible for the recovery of some cases of the
malady. During convalescence tonic treatment is indicated.

_Hygienic measures needful._--Whenever this disease appears in a stable
all the animals should be removed as soon as possible. They should be
provided with clean, well-ventilated, and well-drained stables, and each
animal should receive a laxative and be fed feed and given water from a
new, clean source. The abandoned stable should be thoroughly cleansed
from all waste matters, receive a coat of whitewash containing 4 ounces
of carbolic acid to the gallon of water and should have time to dry
thoroughly before the horses are replaced. A complete change of feed is
of the very greatest importance on account of the belief that the cause
resides in diseased grain, hay, and grass.

TETANUS, OR LOCKJAW.

This disease is characterized by spasms affecting the muscles of the
face, neck, body, and limbs and of all muscles supplied by the
cerebrospinal nerves. The spasms or muscular contractions are rigid and
persistent, yet mixed with occasional more intense contractions of
convulsive violence.

_Causes._--This disease is caused by a bacillus that is often found in
the soil, in manure, and in dust. This germ forms spores at the end of
the organism and grows only in the absence of oxygen. It produces a
powerful nerve poison, which causes the symptoms of tetanus. The germ
itself multiplies at the point where it is introduced, but its poison is
absorbed and is carried by the blood to all parts of the body, and thus
the nervous system is poisoned. Deep wounds infected by this germ are
more dangerous than superficial wounds, because in them the germ is more
remote from the oxygen of the air. Hence, nail pricks, etc., are
especially dangerous. In the majority of instances the cause of tetanus
can be traced to wounds, especially pricks and wounds of the feet or of
tendinous structures. It sometimes follows castration, docking, the
introduction of setons, inclusion of a nerve in a ligature, etc. It may
come on a long time after the wound is healed--three or four months.
Horses with a nervous, excitable disposition are more predisposed than
those of a more sluggish nature. Stallions are more subject to develop
tetanus as the result of wounds than geldings, and geldings more than
mares.

_Symptoms._--The attacks may be acute or subacute. In an acute attack
the animal usually dies within four days. The first symptoms which
attra