cover after a time; in such cases gradual absorption of the clot
takes place. In large clots atrophy of the brain substances may follow,
or softening and abscess from want of nutrition may result, and render
the animal worthless, ultimately resulting in death.

_Treatment._--Place the animal in a quiet, cool place and avoid all
stimulating feed. Administer, in the drinking water or feed, 2 drams of
the iodid of potassium twice a day for several weeks if necessary.
Medical interference with sedatives or stimulants is more liable to be
harmful than of benefit, and blood-letting in an apoplectic fit is
extremely hazardous. From the fact that cerebral apoplexy is due to
diseased or weakened blood vessels, the animal remains subject to
subsequent attacks. For this reason treatment is very unsatisfactory.

COMPRESSION OF THE BRAIN.

_Causes._--In injuries from direct violence a piece of broken bone may
press upon the brain, and, according to its size, the brain is robbed of
its normal space within the cranium. It may also be due to an
extravasation of blood or to exudation in the subdural or arachnoid
spaces. Death from active cerebral congestion results through
compression. The occurrence may sometimes be traced to the direct cause,
which will give assurance for the correct diagnosis.

_Symptoms._--Impairment of all the special senses and localized
paralysis. All the symptoms of lessened functional activity of the brain
are manifested to some degree. The paralysis remains to be our guide
for the location of the cause, for it will be found that the paralysis
occurs on the opposite side of the body from the location of the injury,
and the parts suffering paralysis will denote, to an expert veterinarian
or physician, the part of the brain which is suffering compression.

_Treatment._--Trephining, by a skillful operator, for the removal of the
cause when due to depressed bone or the presence of foreign bodies. When
the symptoms of compression follow other acute diseases of the brain,
apoplectic fits, etc., the treatment must be such as the exigencies of
the case demands.

CONCUSSION OF THE BRAIN.

This is generally caused by falling over backward and striking the poll,
or perhaps falling forward on the nose, by a blow on the head, etc.
Train accidents during shipping often cause concussion of the brain.

_Symptoms._--Concussion of the brain is characterized by giddiness,
stupor, insensibility, or loss of muscular pow