is usually caused by an inflamed or hypertrophied bronchial
gland pressing against the left recurrent laryngeal nerve, which
interferes with its conducting power. A similar condition is
occasionally induced in acute pleurisy, when the recurrent nerve becomes
involved in the diseased process or compressed by plastic exudation.

PARALYSIS OF THE RECTUM AND TAIL.--This is generally the result of a
blow or fall on the rump, which causes a fracture of the sacrum bone and
injury to the nerves supplying the tail and part of the rectum and
muscles belonging thereto. This fracture would not be suspected were it
not for the loss of motion of the tail.

INTESTINAL PARALYSIS.--Characterized by persistent constipation;
frequently the strongest purgatives have no effect whatever on the
movement of the bowels. In the absence of symptoms of indigestion, or
special diseases implicating the intestinal canal, torpor of the bowels
must be attributed to deficient innervation. This condition may depend
upon brain affections or be due to reflex paralysis. Sudden checks of
perspiration may induce excessive action of the bowels or paralysis.

PARALYSIS OF THE BLADDER.--This usually affects the neck of the bladder,
and is characterized by incontinence of urine; the urine dribbles away
as fast as it is secreted. The cause may be of reflex origin, disease
of the rectum, tumors growing within the pelvic cavity, injury to the
spinal cord, etc.

PARALYSIS OF THE OPTIC NERVE (AMAUROSIS).--A paralysis of eyesight may
occur very suddenly from rupture of a blood vessel in the brain, acute
local congestion of the brain, the administration of excessive doses of
belladonna or its alkaloid atropia, etc. In amaurosis the pupil is
dilated to its full extent; the eye looks clear, but does not respond to
light.

Paralysis of hearing, of the external ear, of the eyelid, partial
paralysis of the heart and organs of respiration, of the blood vessels
from injury to the vasomotor nerves of the esophagus, or loss of
deglutition, palsy of the stomach, all may be manifested when the supply
of nervous influence is impaired or suspended.

TREATMENT FOR PARALYSIS.--In all paralytic affections there may be
anesthesia, or impairment of sensibility, in addition to the loss of
motion, or there may be hyperesthesia, or increased sensibility, in
connection with the loss of motion. These conditions may call for
special treatment in addition to that for loss of motion. If