he capillaries and small blood vessels, with
correspondingly increased redness and changes in both the contents and
the walls of the vessels. If death has occurred at a later period of the
disease, it will be found that, in addition to the redness and
engorgement, an exudation of the contents of the blood vessels into the
tissues and upon the surfaces of the inflamed parts has supervened. If
the case has been one of encephalitis, there will usually be found more
or less watery fluid in the ventricles (natural cavities in the brain),
in the subarachnoid space, and a serous exudation between the
convolutions and interstitial spaces of the gray matter under the
membranes of the brain. The quantity of fluid varies in different cases.
Exudations of a membranous character may be present, and are found
attached to the surfaces of the pia mater.

In meningitis, especially in chronic cases, in addition to the serous
effusion, there are changes which may be regarded as characteristic in
the formation of a delicate and highly vascular layer or layers of
membrane or organized structure on the surface of the dura mater, and
also indications of hemorrhages in connection with the membranous
formations. Hematoma, or blood tumors, may be found embedded in this
membrane. In some cases the hemorrhages are copious, causing paralysis
or apoplexy, followed by speedy death. The meningitis may be
suppurative. In this case a puslike exudate is found between the
membranes covering the brain.

In cerebritis, or inflammation of the interior of the brain, there is a
tendency to softening and suppuration and the formation of abscesses. In
some cases the abscesses are small and numerous, surrounded with a
softened condition of the brain matter, and sometimes we may find one
large abscess. In cases of recent development the walls of the
abscesses are fringed and ragged and have no lining membrane. In older
or chronic cases the walls of the abscesses are generally lined with a
strong membrane, often having the appearance of a sac or cyst, and the
contents have a very offensive odor.

_Treatment._--In all acute attacks of inflammation involving the
membranes or cerebral masses, it is the pressure from the distended and
engorged blood vessels and the rapid accumulation of inflammatory
products that endangers the life of the animal in even the very early
stage of the disease. The earlier the treatment is commenced to lessen
the danger of fatal pressure