so that the poll or nape
of the neck, with the ears, can be felt far back between the fore limbs,
or so that only the upper border of the neck can be reached, head and
neck being bent back beneath the body. With the head only bent on the
neck, noose the two presenting limbs, then introduce the hand between
them until the nose can be seized in the palm of the hand. Next have the
assistants push back the presenting limbs, while the nose is strongly
lifted upward over the brim of the pelvis. This accomplished, it assumes
the natural position and parturition is easy.

When both head and neck are bent downward it may be impossible to reach
the nose. If, however, the labor has only commenced, the limbs may be
drawn upon until the operator can reach the ear, by dragging on which
the head may be so far advanced that the fingers may reach the orbit;
traction upon this while the limbs are being pushed back may bring the
head up so that it bends on the neck only, and the further procedure
will be as described in the last paragraph.

If the labor has been long in progress and the fetus is jammed into the
pelvis, the womb emptied of the waters, and firmly contracted on its
solid contents, the case is incomparably more difficult. The mare may be
chloroformed and turned on her back with hind parts elevated, and the
womb may be injected with sweet oil. Then, if the ear can be reached,
the correction of the malpresentation may be attempted as above
described. Should this fail, one or more sharp hooks may be inserted in
the neck as near the head as can be reached, and ropes attached to these
may be dragged on, while the body of the foal is pushed back by the fore
limbs or by a repeller. Such repulsion should be made in a direction
obliquely upward toward the loins of the mother, so as to rotate the
fetus in such a way as to bring the head up. As this is accomplished a
hold should be secured nearer and nearer to the nose, with hand or hook,
until the head can be straightened out on the neck.

All means failing; it becomes necessary to remove the fore limbs
(embryotomy) so as to make more space for bringing up the head. If, even
then, this can not be accomplished, it may be possible to push the body
backward and upward with the repeller until the hind limbs are brought
to the passage, when they may be noosed and delivery effected with the
posterior presentation.

HEAD TURNED ON SHOULDERS.--In this case the fore feet present, and the
o