o introduce a straight rope
carrier, a noose passed through this may be put on the fetlock and the
repulsion thereby made more effective. In case of continued failure the
anterior presenting part of the body may be skinned and cut off as far
back toward the pelvis as possible (see "Embryotomy"); then nooses are
placed on the hind fetlocks and traction is made upon these while the
quarters are pushed back into the womb. Then the remaining portion is
brought away by the posterior presentation.

ANTERIOR PRESENTATION WITH BACK TURNED TO ONE SIDE.--The diameter of the
axis of the foal, like that of the pelvic passages, is from above
downward, and when the fetus enters the pelvis with this greatest
diameter engaged transversely or in the narrow diameter of the pelvis,
parturition is rendered difficult or impossible. In such a case the
pasterns and head may be noosed, and the passages and engaged portion of
the foal freely lubricated with lard, the limbs may be crossed over each
other and the head, and a movement of rotation effected in the fetus
until its face and back are turned up toward the croup of the mother;
then parturition becomes natural.

BACK OF FOAL TURNED TO FLOOR OF PELVIS.--In a roomy mare this is not an
insuperable obstacle to parturition, yet it may seriously impede it, by
reason of the curvature of the body of the foal being opposite to that
of the passages, and the head and withers being liable to arrest against
the border of the pelvis. Lubrication of the passage with lard and
traction of the limbs and head will usually suffice with or without the
turning of the mare on her back.

In obstinate cases two other resorts are open: First, to turn the foal,
pushing back the fore parts and bringing up the hind so as to make a
posterior presentation, and, second, the amputation of the fore limbs,
after which extraction will usually be easy.

[Illustration: PLATE XV.

ABNORMAL PRESENTATIONS.]

[Illustration: PLATE XVI.

ABNORMAL PRESENTATIONS.]

[Illustration: PLATE XVII.

ABNORMAL PRESENTATIONS.]

[Illustration: PLATE XVIII.

ABNORMAL PRESENTATIONS.]

HIND PRESENTATION WITH LEG BENT AT HOCK.--In this form the quarters of
the foal with the hind legs bent up beneath them present, but can not
advance through the pelvis by reason of their bulk. (Plate XV, fig. 3.)
The oiled hand introduced can recognize the outline of the buttocks,
with the tail and anus in the center and the sharp points of the hocks