which are designated
in English by the prepositions to and for.

Dative of Indirect Object.

187. The commonest use of the Dative is to denote the person _to whom_
something is _given_, _said_, or _done_. Thus:--

I. With transitive verbs in connection with the Accusative; as,--

hanc pecuniam mihi dat, _he gives me this money_;

haec nobis dixit, _he said this to us_.

a. Some verbs which take this construction (particularly dono and
circumdo) admit also the Accusative of the person along with the Ablative
of the thing. Thus:--

Either Themistocli munera donavit, _he presented gifts to
Themistocles_, or

Themistoclem muneribus donavit, _he presented Themistocles with gifts_;

urbi muros circumdat, _he builds walls around the city_, or

urbem muris circumdat, _he surrounds the city with walls_

II. With many intransitive verbs; as,--

nulli labori cedit, _he yields to no labor._

a. Here belong many verbs signifying _favor_,[48] _help_, _injure_,
_please_, _displease_, _trust_, _distrust_, _command_, _obey_, _serve_,
_resist_, _indulge_, _spare_, _pardon_, _envy_, _threaten_, _be angry_,
_believe_, _persuade_, and the like; as,--

Caesar popularibus favet, _Caesar favors (i.e. is favorable to) the
popular party_;

amicis confido, _I trust (to) my friends_;

Orgetorix Helvetiis persuasit, _Orgetorix persuaded (made it acceptable
to) the Helvetians_;

bonis nocet qui malis parcit, _he injures (does harm to) the good, who
spares the bad_.

NOTE.--It is to be borne in mind that these verbs do not take the Dative by
virtue of their apparent English equivalence, but simply because they are
_intransitive_, and adapted to an indirect object. Some verbs of the same
apparent English equivalence are _transitive_ and govern the Accusative;
as, juvo, laedo, delecto. Thus: audentes deus juvat, _God helps the bold_;
neminem laesit _he injured no one_.

b. Verbs of this class are used in the passive only impersonally; as,--

tibi parcitur, _you are spared_;

mihi persuadetur, _I am being persuaded_;

ei invidetur, _he is envied_.

c. Some of the foregoing verbs admit also a Direct Object in connection
with the Dative; as,--

mihi mortem minitatur, _he threatens me with death_ (_threatens death
to me_).

III. With many verbs compounded with the prepositions: ad, ante, circum,
com,[49] in, inter, ob, post, p