ons of place than those above mentioned require a
Preposition to denote Limit of Motion; as,--

ad Italiam venit, _he came to Italy._

a. The Preposition is also customary with the Accusatives urbem or
oppidum when they stand in apposition with the name of a town; as,--

Thalam, in oppidum magnum, _to Thala, a large town;_

Genavam ad oppidum, _to the town Geneva_.

b. The name of a town denoting limit of motion may be combined with the
name of a country or other word dependent upon a preposition; as,--

Thurios in Italiam pervectus, _carried to Thurii in Italy;_

cum Acen ad exercitum venisset, _when he had come to the army at Ace._

3. To denote _toward_, _to the vicinity of_, _in the vicinity of,_ ad is
used; as,--

ad Tarentum veni, _I came to the vicinity of Tarentum;_

ad Cannas pugna facta est, _a battle was fought near Cannae._

4. In poetry the Accusative of any noun denoting a place may be used
without a preposition to express the limit of motion; as,--

Italiam venit, _he came to Italy._

5. The _goal_ notion seems to represent the original function of the
Accusative Case. Traces of this primitive force are recognizable in the
phrase infitias ire, _to deny_ (lit. _to go to a denial_), and a few other
similar expressions.

Accusative in Exclamations.

183. The Accusative, generally modified by an Adjective, is used in
Exclamations; as,--

me miserum, _ah, wretched me!_

O fallacem spem, _oh, deceptive hope!_

Accusative as Subject of the Infinitive.

184. The Subject of the Infinitive is put in the Accusative; as,--

video hominem abire, _I see that the man is going away._

Other Uses of the Accusative.

185. Here belong--

1. Some Accusatives which were originally Appositives; _viz_.--

id genus, _of that kind_; as, homines id genus, _men of that kind_
(originally homines, id genus hominum, _men, that kind of men_);

virile secus, muliebre secus, _of the male sex_, _of the female sex_;

meam vicem, tuam vicem, etc., _for my part_, etc.;

bonam partem, magnam partem, _in large part_;

maximam partem, _for the most part_.

2. Some phrases of doubtful origin; as,--

id temporis, _at that time_; quod si, _but if_;
id aetatis, _at that time_; cetera, _in other respects_.

* * * * *

THE DATIVE.

186. The Dative case, in general, expresses relations