C SURVEY OF THE MHG. VOWEL-SYSTEM.

Sec. 4.

Palatal { Short [a:], [e:], e, i, [o:], [u:].
{ Long [ae], [e], [i], [oe], iu (= [u:]).

Guttural { Short a, o, u.
{ Long [a], [o], [u].

THE OHG. EQUIVALENTS OF THE MHG. VOWELS.

Sec. 5.

The following are the OHG. equivalents of the MHG. short vowels, long
vowels and diphthongs of accented syllables:--

1. The short vowels a, [e:], e, i, o, u = the corresponding OHG. short
vowels, as {tac}, _day_, {gast}, _guest_, {bant}, _he bound_, {gap}, _he
gave_ = OHG. {tag}, {gast}, {bant}, {gab}.

{w[e:]c}, _way_, {n[e:]men}, _to take_, {z[e:]hen}, _ten_ = OHG. {w[e:]g},
{n[e:]man}, {z[e:]han}.

{geste}, _guests_, {lember}, _lambs_, {vert}, _he goes_ = OHG. {gesti},
{lembir}, {ferit}.

{wi[zz]en}, _to know_, {hilfe}, _I help_, {visch}, _fish_ = OHG. {wi[zz]an},
{hilfu}, {fisk}.

{got}, _God_, {wol}, _well_, {geholfen}, _helped_ = OHG. {got}, {wola},
{giholfan}.

{sun}, _son_, {wurm}, _worm_, {gebunden}, _bound_ = OHG. {sunu}, {wurm},
{gibuntan}.

{[a:]} is the umlaut of {a} before certain consonant combinations which
prevented umlaut from taking place in OHG., as {m[a:]hte}, _powers_,
{h[a:]ltet}, _he holds_, {w[a:]rmen}, _to warm_ = OHG. {mahti}, {haltit},
{warmen} from {*warmjan} (Sec. 10). It also occurs in derivatives ending in
{-l[i]ch} and {-l[i]n}, as {m[a:]nl[i]ch}, _manly_, {t[a:]gel[i]ch}, _daily_,
{v[a:]terl[i]n}, dim. of {vater}, _father_; and in words which originally had
an {i} in the third syllable, the vowel of the second syllable having
become {i} by assimilation, as {m[a:]gede}, _maids_, {z[a:]her(e)}, _tears_ =
OHG. {magadi}, {zahari}.

{[o:]} is the umlaut of OHG. {o}, as {l[o:]cher}, _holes_, {m[o:]hte},
_I might_ = OHG. {lohhir}, {mohti}; {g[o:]tinne}, _goddess_, beside {got},
_God_.

{[u:]} is the umlaut of OHG. {u}, as {d[u:]nne}, _thin_, {s[u:]ne}, _sons_,
{z[u:]ge}, _I might draw_ = OHG. {dunni}, {suni}, {zugi}.

2. The long vowels [a], [e], [i], [o], [u] = the corresponding OHG. long
vowels, as {s[a]t}, _seed_, {sl[a]fen}, _to sleep_, {n[a]men}, _we took_,
{d[a]hte}, _he thought_ = OHG. {s[a]t}, {sl[a]fan}, {n[a]mum}, {d[a]hta}.

{s[e]le}, _soul_, {m[e]re}, _more_, {l[e]ren}, _to teach_ = OHG. {s[e]la},
{m[e]ro}, {l[e]ren}.

{w[i]p}, _wife_, {s[i]n}, _his_, {b[i][z]en}, _to bite_ = OHG. {w[i]b},
{s[i]n}, {b[i][z]an}.

{[o]re}, _ear_, {t[o]t}, _death_, {k[o]s}, _I chose_ = OHG. {[o]ra}, {t[o]d},
{k