spirn gespirn

CLASS II.

Sec. 78.

The verbs of this class belong to the second ablaut-series (Sec. 12) and
therefore have {ie} in the present, but {iu} in the present singular
(Sec. 16); {ou} in the first and third pers. sing. of the preterite, but {[o]}
before {t, [z], s} and {ch} (= Germanic {h}), Sec. 18; {u} in the pret.
plural; and {o} in the past participle, thus:--

biegen, _to bend_ biuge bouc bugen gebogen
triefen, _to drop_ triufe trouf truffen getroffen
bieten, _to offer_ biute b[o]t buten geboten
schie[z]en, _to shoot_ schiu[z]e sch[o][z] schu[zz]en gescho[zz]en

And similarly {klieben}, _to cleave_, {kriechen}, _to creep_, {liegen},
_to lie_, {riechen}, _to smell_, {schieben}, _to shove_, {vliegen}, _to
fly_; {die[z]en}, _to roar_, {gie[z]en}, _to pour_, {vlie[z]en}, _to flow_.

sieden, _to seethe_ siude s[o]t suten gesoten
ziehen, _to draw_ ziuhe z[o]ch zugen gezogen
kiesen, _to choose_ kius k[o]s kurn gekorn

And similarly {vliehen}, _to flee_, {niesen}, _to sneeze_, {verliesen},
_to lose_, {vriesen}, _to freeze_. See Sec. 30.

Sec. 79.

On the stem-vowels in the following verbs, see Sec. 16, note and Sec. 36:--

bliuwen, _to strike_ bliuwe blou bl[u]wen
bliuwen gebliuwen
blouwen geblouwen

And similarly {briuwen}, _to brew_, {kiuwen}, _to chew_, {riuwen}, _to
pain_.

Sec. 80.

To this class also belong the three aorist presents:--

l[u]chen, _to shut_ liuche louch luchen gelochen
(l[u]che)
s[u]fen, _to gulp down_ s[u]fe souf suffen gesoffen
s[u]gen, _to suck_ s[u]ge souc sugen gesogen

CLASS III.

Sec. 81.

The verbs of this class belong to the third ablaut-series (Sec. 12), and
include the strong verbs having a medial nasal or a liquid + consonant.
Those with nasal + consonant have {i} throughout the present tense and
{u} in the past participle; the others have {i} in the present singular,
{[e:]} in the plural, and {o} in the past participle (see Secs. 14, 15),
thus:--

binden, _to bind_ binde bant bunden gebunden
rinnen, _to run_ rinne ran runnen gerunnen
singen, _to sing_ singe sanc sungen gesungen

And similarly {brinnen}, _to burn_, {dringen}, _to press_, {entrinnen},
_to escape_