oss of the medial or final {e} in such
forms as {tiurre}, _dearer_, {tiurste}; {minner}, {minre}, _less_,
{minnest}, {min(ne)ste}, see Sec. 9, 3. Most monosyllables have umlaut in
the comparative and superlative either exclusively or have mutated
beside unmutated forms. The cause of these double forms is in a great
measure due to the two OHG. double suffixes: comp. {-iro}, {-[o]ro} and
superl. {-isto}, {-[o]sto} having fallen together in {-er(e)} and
{-est(e)} in MHG., as {elter}, _older_, {ermer}, _poorer_, {j[u:]nger},
_younger_, {gr[oe][z]er}, _greater_, {h[oe]her}, _higher_, beside {alter},
{armer}, {junger}, {gr[o][z]er}, {h[o]her}; superl. {eltest}, {ermest},
{j[u:]ngest}, {gr[oe][z]est}, {h[oe]hest}, beside {altest}, {armest},
{jungest}, {gr[o][z]est}, {h[o]hest}. Adjectives which have umlaut in the
positive regularly preserve it in the comparative and superlative.

The comparative is declined weak, but the superlative is declined strong
and weak.

Sec. 58.

The following adjectives form their comparative and superlative from a
different root than the positive:--

guot, _good_, be[zz]er, be[zz]est, beste (Sec. 23).
[u:]bel, _bad_, wirser, wirsest, wir(se)ste.
l[u:]tzel, _little_, minner, minre (Sec. 9, 3), minnest, min(ne)ste.
michel, _great_, m[e]rer, m[e]r(r)e, meiste.

Sec. 59.

The following adjectives are defective:--

[e]rer, [e]rre, [e:]rre, _former_, [e]rest, [e]rste, _first_.
hinder, _hinder_, hinderste, _hindmost_.
ober, _upper_, oberste, _uppermost_.
le[zz]este, leste (Sec. 23), _last_.
vorder, _former_, vorderste, _foremost_.

C. FORMATION OF ADVERBS FROM ADJECTIVES.

Sec. 60.

1. By adding {-e} (= OHG. {-o}) to the adjective when this does not
already end in {-e}, as {[e:]ben}, _even_, {h[o]ch}, _high_, {lanc}, _long_:
adv. {[e:]bene}, {h[o]he}, {lange}; {edele} (OHG. {edili}), _noble_, {[u:]bel}
(OHG. {ubil}), _evil_: adv. {edele} (OHG. {edilo}), {[u:]bele} (OHG.
{ubilo}).

2. Dissyllabic adjectives ending in {-e} and containing a mutated
stem-vowel change it to the corresponding unmutated vowel, when used as
adverbs, as {sch[oe]ne} (OHG. {sc[o]ni}), _beautiful_, {herte}, _hard_,
{senfte}, _soft_, {s[u:]e[z]e}, _sweet_, {sw[ae]re}, _heavy_: adv. {sch[o]ne},
{harte}, {sanfte}, {suo[z]e}, {sw[a]re}.

3. By adding {-l[i]che} or {-l[i]chen} to the adjective, as {ganz}, _whole_,
{vl[i][z]e