{b[u:]echl[i]n}; {muoter}, _mother_, dim. {m[u:]eterl[i]n}.

THE MHG. EQUIVALENTS OF THE OHG. VOWELS.

Sec. 11.

OHG. had the following short vowels, long vowels, and diphthongs:--

Short Vowels a, e, [e:], i, o, u.
Long " [a], [e], [i], [o], [u].
Diphthongs ei, ie (ia, ea), ou (au), uo.
io (eo),
iu.

The following are the MHG. equivalents of the above simple vowels and
diphthongs in accented syllables:--

1. The short vowels: Apart from the changes caused by umlaut, viz. {a}
to {[a:], o} to {[o:], u} to {[u:]} (Sec. 10), and of {[e:]} to {e} before
certain consonants, the OHG. short vowels remained in MHG., as

a = (1) MHG. a, as OHG. {fater}, _father_, {tag}, _day_, {faran},
_to go_ = MHG. {vater}, {tac}, {varn}.

= (2) MHG. [a:], in words containing the consonant combinations which
prevented umlaut from taking place in OHG., as OHG. {mahti},
_powers_, {kalt[i]}, _coldness_, {ahir}, _ear of corn_, {warmen},
_to warm_ = MHG. {m[a:]hte}, {k[a:]lte}, {[a:]her}, {w[a:]rmen},
see Sec. 10.

e = MHG. e, as OHG. {gesti}, _guests_, {lembir}, _lambs_, {brennen},
_to burn_ = MHG. {geste}, {lember}, {brennen}.

[e:] = (1) MHG. [e:], as OHG. {w[e:]g}, _way_, {h[e:]lfan}, _to help_,
{st[e:]lan}, _to steal_ = MHG. {w[e:]c}, {h[e:]lfen}, {st[e:]ln}.

= (2) MHG. e, before {st}, {sch}, and palatal {g}, as OHG. {n[e:]st},
_nest_, {sw[e:]ster}, _sister_ = MHG. {nest}, {swester}; and
similarly, {gestern}, _yesterday_, {deste}, _all the more_,
{weste}, _I knew_, {dreschen}, _to thrash_, {leschen},
_to go out_, {degen}, _warrior_; and also in a few words
before a following {l}, as {helm}, _helmet_, {vels}, _rock_,
{welch}, _which_, &c.

i = MHG. i, as OHG. {fisk}, _fish_, {nimu}, _I take_, {wi[zz]an},
_to know_ = MHG. {visch}, {nime}, {wi[zz]en}.

o = (1) MHG. o, as OHG. {got}, _God_, p.p. {giholfan}, _helped_,
{tohter}, _daughter_ = MHG. {got}, {geholfen}, {tohter}.
= (2) MHG. [o:], as OHG. {lohhir}, _holes_, {mohti}, _I might_ = MHG.
{l[o:]cher}, {m[o:]hte}.

u = (1) MHG. u, as OHG. {sunu}, {sun}, _son_, {butum}, _we offered_,
{buntum}, _we bound_ = MHG. {sun}, {buten}, {bunden}.
= (2) MHG. [u:], as OHG. {dunni}, _thin_, {suni}, _sons_ = MHG. {d[u:]nne},
{s[u:]ne}.

2.