eir plural in {-e} only. It includes: (a) the old masculine
{a-}stems; (b) the old masculine {wa-}stems which lost their final {-w}
after long vowels in OHG., as {s[e]}, _sea_, gen. {s[e]wes}, pl. {s[e]we}, and
similarly {b[u]}, _dwelling_, {r[e]} (also neuter), _corpse_, {sn[e]}, _snow_,
see Sec. 36; and (c) the old masculine {i-}stems which could not have umlaut
in the plural (Sec. 44).

SING.

Nom. Acc. tac, _day_ kil, _quill_ engel, _angel_
Gen. tages kil(e)s engel(e)s
Dat. tage kil(e) engel(e)

PLUR.

Nom. Acc. Gen. tage kil(e) engel(e)
Dat. tagen kil(e)n engel(e)n

On the interchange between fortis and lenis, as in {tac}, _day_, {lop},
_praise_, {sant}, _sand_, {hof}, _court_, gen. {tages}, {lobes},
{sandes}, {hoves}, see Sec. 33.

Like {tac} are also declined the old consonantal stems {v[i]ent}, _enemy_,
and {vriunt}, _friend_, but pl. {vriunde} beside the old plural
{vriunt}.

Like {kil} are declined all monosyllabic masculine nouns having a short
stem-vowel and ending in {-l} or {-r} (Sec. 9, 1).

Like {engel} are declined masculine polysyllabic nouns ending in {-el},
{-em}, {-en}, {-er}, when their stem-syllable is long, as {mantel},
_mantle_, {[a]tem}, _breath_, {morgen}, _morning_, {acker}, _field_.
Those in {-em}, {-en} generally retain the {e} in the dative plural.
Polysyllabic nouns with short stem-syllables fluctuate between the
retention or loss of the {e}, as gen. sing. {vogeles} or {vogels}, dat.
sing, and nom. acc. pl. {vogele} or {vogel}, and similarly {vadem},
_thread_, {r[e:]gen}, _rain_, {sumer}, _summer_, see Sec. 9,2.

Sec. 43.

{Second declension.}--To this declension belong all masculine nouns
whose nom. and acc. singular end in {-e}, which is the only difference
between this and the first declension. It includes: (a) the old
masculine {ja-}stems; (b) many old {u-}stems with short stem-syllable,
as {fride} (OHG. {fridu}), _peace_, {site} (OHG. {situ}), _custom_, and
similarly {huge}, _thought_, {m[e:]te}, _mead_, {sige} beside {sic},
_victory_, {wite}, _wood_ (see Sec. 36); (c) the old short {i-}stem {wine},
_friend_; and (d) the old masculine {wa-}stem {schate} (gen.
{schat(e)wes} beside {schates}), _shadow_.

SING. PLUR.

Nom. Acc. hirte, _