to the third
ablaut-series (Secs. 12, 81), as {gebunden} (OHG. {gibuntan}), but
{geholfen} (OHG. {giholfan}); in weak verbs as {f[u:]rhten} (OHG. {furhten}
from {*furhtjan}), _to fear_, beside pret. {vorhte} (OHG. {forhta});
{h[u:]gen} (OHG. {huggen} from {*hugjan}) beside {hogen} (OHG. {hog[e]n}),
_to think_; in preterite presents like {durfen} (OHG. {durfum}), _we
dare_, beside pret. {dorfte} (OHG. {dorfta}); in many nouns and
adjectives, as {wolle} (OHG. {wolla}), _wool_, beside {w[u:]ll[i]n},
{wull[i]n}, _woollen_; {wolf} (stem {*wulfo-}), _wolf_, beside {w[u:]lpinne},
_she-wolf_; {vol}, _full_, beside {v[u:]lle} (OHG. {full[i]}), _fulness_;
{golt}, _gold_, beside {guld[i]n}, _golden_.

Sec. 16.

From primitive Germanic {eu} were developed two different diphthongs in
OHG., viz. {eu} became {eo} (cp. Sec. 15), later {io}, when originally
followed by an {[)a]}, {[)o]}, or {[e]} in the next syllable, and this {io}
was regularly developed to {ie} in MHG.; whereas {eu} became {iu} in
OHG. when originally followed by an {[)i], j} or {u} in the next syllable,
and this {iu} became {[-u:]} (written {iu}) in MHG., even after the {[)i], j}
or {u} had been weakened to {e}. This law explains the difference
between the diphthong {ie} in the infinitive and the simple vowel {iu}
(= {[-u:]}) in the three persons singular of the present indicative of
verbs belonging to the second ablaut-series (Secs. 12, 78), as

OHG. biogan, _to bend_, pres. sing. biugu, biugis(t), biugit;
MHG. biegen, " " " biuge, biuges(t), biuget.

Cp. further {tief} (OHG. {tiof}), _deep_, beside OHG. {tiuf[i]}, _depth_;
{lieht} (OHG. {lioht}), _a light_, beside {liuhten} (OHG. {liuhten} from
{*liuhtjan}), _to light_.

NOTE.--The {iu} in the above and similar examples must not be
confounded with the {iu} in the OHG. and MHG. combination {iuw}
which arose from prim. Germanic {eww} (= {euw}), and {ewj}, as
{triuwe} (OHG. {triuwi}, Goth. {triggws}), _true_; {triuwen},
{tr[u]wen}, _to trust_, pret. {triuete}, {triute}, {tr[u]te}; {riuwe}
(OHG. {riuwa}), _regret_, {bliuwen} (OHG. {bliuwan}, Goth.
{bliggwan}), _to strike_, and similarly, {briuwen}, _to brew_,
{kiuwen}, _to chew_, {riuwen}, _to regret_; {niuwe} (OHG. {niuwi},
Goth. {niujis}, prim. Germanic stem-form {*newja-}), _new_. This
{iu} before {w} never interchanged with MHG. {ie} from prim.
Germanic {eu}, and explains why the strong verbs {bliuwen}, &c. have