opolis, the
sepulchral chambers of which were long ago rifled by Arabs and Vandals.
This cemetery had a Jewish quarter.

We must mention finally the gigantic remains in the western plain of the
Roman aqueduct which carried water from Jebel Zaghwan (_Mons
Zeugitanus_) and Juggar (Zucchara) to the cisterns of La Malga. From the
_nymphaeum_ of Zaghwan to Carthage this aqueduct is 61 Roman miles
(about 56 English miles) long; in the plain of Manuba its arches are
nearly 49 ft. high.

Though several famous travellers visited and described the ruins of
Carthage during the first thirty years of the 19th century, such as
Major Humbert, Chateaubriand, Estrup, no scientific investigations
took place till 1833. In that year Captain Falbe, Danish consul at
Tunis, made a plan of the ruins so far as they were visible. In 1837
there was formed in Paris, on the initiative of Dureau de la Malle, a
_Societe pour les fouilles de Carthage_; under the auspices of this
body Falbe and Sir Grenville Temple undertook researches, and a little
later Sir Thomas Read, English consul, following the example of the
Genoese and the Pisans, carried away to England the mosaics, columns
and statues of the baths of Antoninus. The Abbe Bourgade, chaplain of
the church of St Louis erected in 1841, collected together Punic
stelae and other antiquities from the surrounding plain; these formed
the nucleus of the magnificent museum subsequently formed by Pere
Delattre at the instigation of Cardinal Lavigerie. Between 1856 and
1858 Nathan Davis made excavations on the supposed site of the Odeum,
and in 1859 Beule undertook his celebrated investigations on Byrsa.
Among other explorers were A. Daux in 1866; von Maltzan in 1870; E. de
Sainte-Marie in 1874; Ch. d'Herisson in 1883; E. Babelon and S.
Reinach in 1884; Vernaz in 1885; Gauckler in 1903. Of these the
majority were sent officially by the French government. But their
attempts were partial, disjointed and without any systematic plan;
they were entirely superseded by the brilliant and persevering work of
R.P. Delattre. The Musee Lavigerie, the result of his labours,
contains a vast archaeological treasure, the interest of which is
doubled by the fact that it stands in the very midst of the ancient
site. Unfortunately Delattre's work suffered too often from the
absence of a cordial understanding with the directors of the
antiquities department, La Blan