He graduated at Exeter College, Oxford, and became
preacher at Lincoln's Inn. He frequently preached before the Long
Parliament, and was a member of the Westminster Assembly in 1643. By
order of the parliament he attended Charles I. in Holmby House, and in
1650 he was sent with John Owen to accompany Cromwell to Scotland. In
1662 he was ejected from his church of St Magnus near London Bridge, but
continued to minister to an Independent congregation in London till his
death in March 1673, when John Owen succeeded him. His piety and
learning are displayed in his ponderous commentary on Job (12 vols.,
4to., 1651-1666; 2nd ed., 2 vols., fol. 1676-1677).

CARYOPHYLLACEAE, a botanical order of dicotyledonous plants, containing
about 60 genera with 1300 species, and widely distributed, especially in
temperate, alpine and arctic regions. The plants are herbs, sometimes
becoming shrubby at the base, with opposite, simple, generally uncut
leaves and swollen nodes. The main axis ends in a flower (definite
inflorescence), and flower-bearing branches are borne one on each side
by which the branching is often continued (known technically as a
dichasial cyme). The flowers are regular, with four or five sepals which
are free or joined to form a tube in their lower portion, the same
number of petals, free and springing from below the ovary, twice as
many stamens, inserted with the petals, and a pistil of two to five
carpels joined to form an ovary containing a large number of ovules on a
central placenta and bearing two to five styles; the ovary is one-celled
or incompletely partitioned at the base into three to five cells; honey
is secreted at the base of the stamens. The fruit is a capsule
containing a large number of small seeds and opening by apical teeth;
the seed contains a floury endosperm and a curved embryo.

[Illustration: FIG. 1.--Stitchwort (_Stellaria Holostea_). 1, Flower cut
vertically; 2, seed; 3, same cut vertically; 4, same cut horizontally.]

[Illustration: FIG. 2.--1, Flowering shoot of Pink (_Dianthus_); 2,
horizontal plan of flower; 3, flower in vertical section.]

The order is divided into two well-defined tribes which are
distinguished by the character of the flower and the arrangements for
ensuring pollination.

Tribe I. _Alsineae_: the sepals are free and the flowers are open, with
spreading petals, and the honey which is secreted at the base of the
stamens is exposed to the visits of short-tongued in